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AP Pyschology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Trephination | method used by Stone Age humans to carve wholes through the skull to release evil spirits |
| Plato and Democritus | two Greek philosophers who theorized the relationship between thought and behavior |
| Wilhelm Wundt | (1832-1920) set up the first psychological laboratory in a small apartment near the university at Leipzig, Germany; trained subjects in introspection |
| Introspection | originally used by Wilhelm Wundt where subjects were asked to accurately record their cognitive responses to simple stimuli |
| Structuralism | A school of psychology based on the notion that the task of psychology is to analyze consciousness into its basic elements and to investigate how these elements are related. |
| William James | founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment |
| Functionalism | a school of thought that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish. |
| The Principles of Psychology | psychology's first text book by William James in 1890. It examines how the structures Wundt identified function in our lives |
| Gestalt Psychology | the school of psychological thought that argued that behavior cannot be studied in parts but must be viewed as a whole |
| Max Wertheimer | (1880-1943) gestalt psychologist who argued against dividing human thought and behavior into discrete parts |
| Sigmund Freud | (1856-1939) revolutionized psychology with the psychoanalytic theory |
| Unconscious mind | a part of the mind which we do not have control over and in part determines how we think and behave |
| Repression | pushing down thoughts and feelings into out unconcious mind that cause so much tension and anxiety that our conscious mind cannot deal with them |
| Defense mechanism | an unconscious way of protecting oneself from emotion and physical harm. |
| John Watson | (1786-1958) studied the conditioning experiements of Ivan Pavlov; declared psychology to be considered a science that must limit itself to observable phenomena. Established the school of behaviorism in the 1920 |
| Ivan Pavlov | (1849-1936) Russian psychologist who discovered the principles of classical conditioning through his experiments with dogs |
| Behaviorism | dominant paradigm of psychology from 1920s- 1960s, maintaining that psychologists should only look at behavior and its causes---stimuli and responses |
| B. F. Skinner | (1904- 1990) expanded the basic ideas of behaviorism to include reinforcement |
| Reinforcement | environmental stimuli that either encourage or discourage certain responses |
| Humanist Perspective | stress individual choice and free will |
| Abraham Maslow | (1908-1970), Humanistic psychologist known for his "Hierarchy of Needs" and the concept of "self-actualization" |
| Carl Rogers | (1902-1987) , humanistic psychology; Contributions: founded client-centered therapy, theory that emphasizes the unique quality of humans especially their freedom and potential for personal growth, unconditional positive regard |
Created by:
Kevin K. II
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