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The __ bones on each hand and wrist are divided into three groups.
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The three groups the hands and wrists are divided into are the
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Ch 4. Upper limb
Positioning
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The __ bones on each hand and wrist are divided into three groups. | 27 |
| The three groups the hands and wrists are divided into are the | Phalanges, Metacarpals, and Carpals |
| Carpals= | wrist |
| Metacarpals= | palm of hand |
| Phalanges= | fingers and thumb |
| How many phalange bones are there? | 14 |
| How many metacarpal bones are there? | 5 |
| How many carpal bones are there? | 8 |
| The most distal bones of the hand are the ______ | phalanges |
| The second group of bones in the hand and wrist is the | metacarpals |
| The third group of bones in the hand and wrist is the | carpals |
| Each finger and thumb is called a | digit |
| Each of four fingers is composed of 3 phalanges: | proximal, middle, and distal |
| The thumb, or first digit, has two phalanges: | proximal and distal |
| Each phalanx consists of three parts: | the head, body, and the base |
| The thumb has only two phalanges, so the joint between them is called the: | interphalangeal joint (IP) |
| The name of the joint between the proximal and distal phalanges of the first digit is the? | first metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP) |
| Beginning on the lateral or thumb side is the | scaphoid |
| The correct term for the tarsal bone of the foot is | navicular |
| The correct term for the carpal bone of the wrist is the | scaphoid |
| What is the most frequently fractured carpal bone? | the scaphoid |
| The smallest of the carpal bone | pisiform |
| What is the largest of the carpal bones? | capitate |
| The concave area or groove on the carpal sulcus is called the | carpal sulcus |
| Who gets shielded for hand, fingers, and wrist projections? | EVERYONE |
| What degree of angle is the CR rotated for an AP axial projection of the thumb? (Modified Robert's Method) | 15 degrees proximally, entering at the first CMC joint |
| What is the name of the hooklike process extending anteriorly from the hamate? | Hamulus or hamular process |
| In the anatomic position, which of the bones of the forearm is located on the lateral (thumb) side? | radius |
| Which bone is on the medial side? | ulna |
| Which joint permits the forearm to rotate during pronation? | proximal radioulnar joint |
| The two important fat stripes or bands around the wrist joint are the? | scaphoid fat stripe, and pronator fat stripe |
| Which carpal bones articulate with the radius? | scaphoid and lunate |
| What's the specific name for the projection used to demonstrate the carpal sulcus? | Gaynor-heart method |
| What's the joint type for the first carpometacarpal joint? | sellar joint |
| What's the joint type for the wrist joint? | ellipsoidal joint |
| What's the joint type for the interphalangeal joints? | ginglymus joint |
| Which structures make up the proximal radioulnar joint? | radial head and radial notch |
| Which structures make up the distal radioulnar joint? | head of ulna and ulna notch |
| How do you demonstrate the scaphoid if patient cannot assume the ulnar deviation position? | modified stecher method |
| What is the proper name for the acute flexion elbow projection? | Jones method |
| How do you adjust technical factors for a small-medium, large, and fiberglass cast? | small-medium: increase 5kV to 7kV Large: increase 8kV to 10 kV Fiberglass: increase 3kV to 4kV |
| What is the CR angle/placement and how much rotation is needed for the Norgaard method? | internally rotate hands 45 degrees, CR perpendicular, directed toward midpoint between both hands at level of fifth MCP joints. |
| which ligament is damaged in a "skier's thumb" injury? | ulnar collateral ligament of thumb |
| Who is carpal tunnel syndrome more common in? | middle aged women |
| Which structures primarily form the hinge-like movement of the elbow joint? | the ulna and the trochoidal pivot bone |
| Which side opens up with radial deviation? | the ulnar side is opened up |
| Which side opens up with ulnar deviation? | the radial side is opened up |
| What is the CR angle/placement for modified Robert's method? | 15 degrees proximally (toward wrist), centered at first CMC joint |
| what is the "ball catcher's position" used to demonstrate? | evidence of rheumatoid arthritis |
| Which projections could be used for an elbow on a patient whose elbow is flexed more than 90 degrees? | acute flexion projections (Jones method) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis is more common in whom? | three times more common in women than in men |
| What are the fat stripes in the wrist? | scaphoid fat stripe=PA and oblique views pronator fat stripe=visualized approximately 1 cm from the anterior surface of the radius. |
| The joint for the 1st carpometacarpal joint is the | sellar joint |
| The joint for the wrist joint is the | ellipsoidal joint |
| What CR angles and direction are used for the Coyle method? | CR angled 45 degrees from shoulder into mid-elbow, trauma to the radial head or the coronoid process of ulna. |
| the __ ____ is a small depression on the medial aspect of the distal radius. The head of the ulna fits into this to form the distal radioulnar joint. | ulnar notch |
| What is located near the wrist at the distal end of the ulna | the head of the ulna |
| this is located at the proximal end of the radius near the elbow joint. | head of the radius |
| Which bone is shorter of the two bones of the forearm and what is it involved in? | the radius is shorter and is the only one of the two bones that is directly involved in the wrist joint |
| the rough oval process on the medial and anterior side of the radius, just distal to the neck is the | radial tuberosity |
| What bone is longer of the two bones of the forearm and what is it involved in? | the ulna is the longer of the two and is involved in the formation of the elbow joint |
| the two beaklike processes of the proximal ulna are called the | olecranon and the coronoid process |
| the medial margin of the coronoid process opposite the radial notch is commonly referred to as the | coronoid tubercle |
| the large concave depression, or notch, that articulates with the distal humerus is the | trochlear notch |
| the small shallow depression located in the lateral aspect of the proximal ulna is called the | radial notch |
| what is the long center section of the humerus called | the body |
| the expanded distal end of the humerus is the | humeral condyle |
| the articular portion of the humeral condyle is divided into two parts | trochlea and the capitulum |
| what is located on the lateral aspect and articulates with the head of the radius | the capitulum |
| all joints in the upper limb are | synovial and freely moveable of diarthrodial. |
| the first CMC joint of the thumb is a ____ joint | sellar |
| the second through fifth CMC joints are | plane (gliding) type joints |
| the wrist joint is an _____ type joint | ellipsoidal |
| of the two bones of the forearm, only the radius articulates directly with two carpal bones, ____ & _____. This wrist joint is called the ____ | the scaphoid and lunate, radiocarpal joint |
| the posterior fat pad is located deep within the olecranon fossa and normally __ _____ visible on a negative elbow examination | is not |
| who gets shielded for upper limbs | everyone |
| from the bucky tray to the table top, the general difference in distance is | 3 to 4 in (8 to 10 cm) |
| small to medium plaster cast | increase 5 kv to 7 kv |
| large plaster cast | increase 8 kv to 10 kv |
| fiberglass cast | increase 3 kv to 4 kv |
| what are the exposure factors for the upper limbs? | lower to medium kV (50-70) short exposure time small focal spot |
| what are the most common for malignant bone tumors? | metastases |
| what is inflammation of the bursae or fluid filled sacs that enclose the joints | bursitis |
| common, painful disorder, that results from compression of the median nerve as it passes through the center of the wrist | carpal tunnel syndrome |
| fracture and dislocation of the posterior lip of the distal radius involving the wrist joint | Barton's fracture |
| fracture of the base of the first metacarpal bonce, extending in to the carpometacarpal joint, complicated by subluxation with some posterior displacement | Bennett's fracture |
| transverse fracture that extends through the metacarpal neck; most commonly seen in the fifth meatacarpal | Boxer's fracture |
| reverse of Colle's fracture, or transverse fracture of the distal radius with the distal fragment displaced anteriorly | Smith's fracture |
| transverse fracture of the distal radius in which the distal fragment is displaced anteriorly, an associated ulnar styloid fracture seen in 50% to 60% of cases | Colles' fracture |
| Which fracture is the most common of them all? | Boxer's fracture |
| refers to accumulated fluid in the joint cavity, it is a sign of an underlying condition, such as a fracture, dislocation, soft tissue damage or inflammation | joint effusion |
| also known as degenerative joint disease, is a noninflammatory joint disease characterized by gradual deterioration of the articular cartilage with hypertrophic bone formation | osteoarthritis |
| what is the most common type of arthritis? | osteoarthritis |
| infection of bone or bone marrow | osteomyelitis |
| abnormally dense bone | osteopetrosis |
| reduction in the quantity of bone or atrophy of skeletal tissue | osteoporosis |
| "Skier's thumb" refers to a sprain of tear of the | ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb |
| Base of first metacarpal is demonstrated for ruling out | Bennett's fracture |
| what projection is used for a sprain or tearing of ulnar collateral ligament of thumb at MCP joint? | PA stress thumb projection |
| Performed commonly to evaluate early evidence of rheumatoid arthritis | norgaard method |
| used to demonstrate foreign bodies of the hand and fingers | Lateral in extension, lateral in flexion( fan lateral) |
| what technical factors are used for a PA, oblique, and lateral hand? | PA-62 kV, 3 mAs Oblique- 64 kV 3 mAs Lateral-66 kV 3 mAs |
| what technical factors are used for a PA, oblique and lateral wrist? | PA- 62 kV 4 mAs Oblique- 64 kV 4 mAs Lateral-66 kV 4 mAs |
| what are the technical factors for AP and lateral of the forearm? | AP- 62 kV 6 mAs Lateral- 66 kV 6 mAs |
| Tecnhical factors for AP, oblique, and lateral elbow | 64 kV 6 mAs |
| how many bones make up the phalanges of the hand? | 14 |
| how many bones make up the carpal region | 5 |
| what is the total number of bones that make up the hand and wrist | 27 |
| which carpal contains a "hooklike" process? | hamate |
| which carpal articulates with the base of the thumb? | trapezium |
| which carpal is most commonly fracture? | scaphoid |
| which two carpal bones are located most anteriorly as seen on a lateral wrist radiograph? | scaphoid and trapezium |
| where are the coronoid and radial fossae located? | anterior aspect of distal humerus |
| which two bony landmarks are palpated to assist with positioning of the upper limb? | lateral and medial epicondyle |
| where is the coronoid tubercle located? | medial aspect of coronoid process |
| in an erect anatomic position, which one of the following structures is considered to be most inferior or distal? | head of ulna |
| which preferred lateral position of the hand best demonstrates the phalanges without excessive superimposition? | fan lateral |
| which lateral projection of the hand best demonstrates a possible foreign body in the palm of the hand? | lateral in extension |
| what is the proper name for the position referred to as the "ball catcher's" position | norgaard method |
| a Bennett's fracture involves the | base of first metacarpal |
| radiographic exposure techniques may need to be ____ because of certain destructive pathologies commonly seen in elderly patients, such as osteoporosis. | reduced |
| Commonly used to image tendinous, ligamentous, and capsular pathology associated with diarthrodial joints, such as the wrist, elbow, shoulder, and ankle. This procedure requires the use of a radiographic contrast medium injected into the joint capsule. | Arthrography |
| Useful for demonstrating osteomyelitis, metastatic bone lesions, stress fractures and cellulitis | Nuclear medicine |
| Used to evaluate soft tissue and skeletal involvement of lesions and soft tissue injuries. | CT and MRI |
| Inflammatory changes throughout the connective tissues; the earliest change is soft tissue swelling that is most prevalent around the ulnar styloid of the wrist | rheumatoid arthritis |
| What is three times more common in women than in men? | Rheumatoid arthritis |
| Refers to bone tumors or neoplasms | Bone neoplasia |
| What does benign mean? | noncancerous |
| What does malignant mean? | Cancerous |
| What is the most common primary cancerous bone tumor? | Multiple myeloma |
Created by:
jadenbolin43