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EAB3002 Ch 1
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Applied Behavior Analysis | Uses behavior principles to SOLVE PRACTICAL PROBLEMS such as the treatment of autism or improved teaching methods. Aka: behavioral engineering. |
Behavior | Everything organism does including covert actions like thinking |
Behavioral neuroscience | Scientific area that INTEGRATES the science of behavior (BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS) with the science of the brain (NEUROSCIENCE). Interested in: effects of drugs on behavior, and choice and neural activity |
Behaviorism | The scientific philosophy of behavior analysis |
Conditioned reflex | Naturally occurring reflexive response previously in an organism's repertoire that comes under the control of a stimulus |
Culture | Behavior analysts Define culture as ALL the CONDITIONS, EVENTS and STIMULI arranged BY other PEOPLE that REGULATE human ACTION. |
Experimental analysis of behavior | METHOD designed to DISCOVER the functional RELATION between BEHAVIOR and the VARIABLES that control it. Involves the breaking down of complex environment-behaviour relations into component principles of behavior. |
Immediate causation | An event (X) immediately preceding some occurrence (Y) is said to cause it if the event produces the results in the occurrence. |
Law of effect | Thorndike, refers to stamping in or out some response. Currently the law is stated as the principles of reinforcement: operants may be followed by consequences that increase or decrease the probability or write a response. |
Learning | Aquisition, maintenance, and change of an organism's behavior as a result of lifetime of events. Used to refer to transitional changes in behavior but conditions that maintain behavior and a steady state are also part of it. |
Operant | Behavior that operates on the environment to produce a change, effect, or consequence. That is, particular responses increase or decrease in a situation as a function of the consequences they produced in the past. |
Operant conditioning | An increase or decrease in operant response of the function of the consequences that have followed the response. |
Private Behavior | Behavior that is only accessible to the person who emits it |
Reflex | The relationship when an unconditioned stimulus elicits an unconditioned response |
Remote causation | Current status of some system is brought about or caused by the long-term interactions between the system in the universe of which it is a part. |
Respondent | Behavior that increases or decreases by the presentation of a conditioned stimulus (CS) that precedes a conditioned response (CR). Presence of CS regulates or controls CR. CR reliably occurs when the CS is present. |
Respondent conditioning | When organism responds to a new event based on the history of pairing with a biologically important stimulus. Pavlov and dogs. If a conditioned stimulus comes to regulate the occurrence of a conditioned response comma then RC has occurred. |
Science of behavior | -experimental approach to the study of behavior -primary objectives: discovery of principles and laws that govern Behavior, the extension of these principles over species, and the development of an applied technology |
Selection by consequences | Extension on principle reinforcement. An organism's repertoire of operant behaviour is altered by its environmental rating. The principle of causation for biology, behavior, and culture (natural selection is a form of this). |
Trial-and-error learning | A term coined by Thorndike, which housed to describe the results of his puzzle-box and maze-learning experiments. Animals were said to make fewer and fewer errors over repeated trials |