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VCE Psychology 3&4
AOS 2 - Mental Health and Phobia
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why is Allostasis considered a "construct"? | |
| What is Allostasis used to describe? | Allostasis is used to describe the body changing to stay at a stable level (often in response to stress) |
| Define Allostasis | Refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable physiological environment by adjusting to meet internal and external demands |
| What is Homeostasis? | Homeostasis is the tendency towards a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes |
| How is Homeostasis differ from Allostasis? | Homeostasis is the human body at its stable and "normal" self whereas Allostasis is the body responding to stress |
| What is an example of a bodily system that helps to achieve Allostasis? | |
| What are the limitations of Homeostasis? | |
| What does the construct of Allostasis indicate is required for the healthy functioning of the body? | |
| What is the purpose of our Allostatic System? | |
| What are the 5 major Allostatic Systems? | 1. HPA Axis 2. Autonomic Nervous System 3. The Immune System 4. Cardiovascular Systems 5. |
| How many Allostatic Systems are there? | 5 |
| Explain an Allostatic Response with reference to Fight/Flight | |
| Define Allostatic Load | The cumulative wear and tear on the body due to increased levels of stress |
| Define Allostatic Overload | Where the stressor exceeds the capacity of the organism to adapt and therefore the organism must change its usual biological functions |
| What is the difference between Allostatic Load and Allostatic Overload? | |
| Define Normality | A pattern of thoughts, feelings or behaviours that conforms to a usual, typical or expected standard |
| What are the Six Approaches to defining Normality? | 1. Socio-Cultural Approach 2. Functional Approach 3. Historical Approach 4. Situational Approach 5. Medical Approach 6. |
| Define Mental Health | It is the capacity of an individual to interact with others and the environment in ways that promote subjective wellbeing, optimal development throughout the lifespan and effective use of the person's cognitive, emotional and social ability |
| Define Mental Illness | Is the impairment in the ability to cope with everyday life, distress, thoughts, feelings and/or behaviour that are atypical of the person and may be culturally innapropriate |
| What is the Difference between Mental Health and Mental Illness? | |
| Define the Biopsychosocial Framework | Describes and explains biological, psychological and social factors combine and interact to influence a person's physical and mental health |
| Describe the Biopsychosocial Framework | Explains the factors that influence a person's metal and physical wellbeing/health |
| What is the DSM? | The DSM is the Diagnostic ans Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders |
| What is the ICD-10? | International Classification of Diseases and Related Mental Health Problems |
| Describe the DSM Axis | There are 5 Axis: 1. Clinical disorders and other conditions 2. Personality disorders and Mental Retardation 3. General Medical Conditions 4. Psychosocial and Environmental Problems 5. Global Assessment of Functioning |
| Describe the Dimensional Approach to classifying a Mental Disorder | Classifies symptoms by ranking the characteristics on a variety of dimensions |
| What are the systems involved in the Fight/Flight Response? | 1. Sympathetic NS 2. Adrenal Medulla |
| Define Eustress | Is positive psychological response to a stressor, as indicated by the presence of positive psychological states |
| Define Distress | Is negative psychological response to a stressor, as indicated by the presence of negative psychological states |
| What is the Difference between Eustress and Distress? | "Eustress" is positive and "Distress" is negative |
| Describe the "Transactional Model of Stress and Coping" | It is the interation between a person and their environment |
| Define Biofeedback | A technique that enables an individual to receive info about the state of a bodily process, and with appropriate training, learn to control a related physiological response using thought processes |
| Define Meditation | An intentional attempt |
| Define Physical Exercise | Physical Activity that is usually planned and performed to improve or maintain one's physical condition |
| Define Social Support | Help or assistance from people when needed |
| What is a criticism of Biofeedback? | Often doesn't work in real-life situations |
| Define Relaxation | It is any activity that brings about a state of reduced psychological and physiological |
| What are the two types of Physical Exercise? | Aerobic and Anaerobic |
| How can Physical Exercise reduce stress? | By using the stress hormones in the bloodstream and transforming them into endorphin's, therefore reducing stress |
| What are the 4 main types of Social Support? | 1. Appraisal 2. Tangible 3. Informational 4. Emotional |
| What are the 3 Axis of the ICD-10 (in order)? | 1. Disabilities 2. Clinical Diagnosis 3. Contextual Factors |
| Allostasis refers to: | The body's ability to maintain a state of physiological stability by adjusting and changing to meet demands |
| What does DSM IV TR stand for? | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Forth Edition, Text Revised |
| The Fight/Flight Response involves: | An involuntary reaction resulting in a state of physiological readiness to deal with a sudden and immediate threat |
| What is 3 Examples of Environmental Factors that could induce stress? | 1. Loud music 2. Crowding 3. Natural Disasters |
| What is "Grading" a key feature of? | The ICD-10 |
| What brain structure is activated when the HPA Axis is? | The Hypothalamus |
| What is Crowding? | It is a environmental factor that exacerbates the stress response |
| Define Abnormality | Pattern of thoughts, feelings or behaviours that is deviant, distressing and dysfunctional |
| Describe how the Categorical Approach is used to diagnose Mental Illness | The Categorical involves a "yes/no" approach and a focus on whether the person has a mental disorder or not |
| Describe how the Dimensional Approach is used to diagnose Mental Illness | The Dimensional approach looks at the severity or the quantitative amounts of the symptoms exhibited to determine whether the person has a mental disorder or not |
| What is meant by "Allostatic Load"? | Refers to the cumulative cost to the body during/after Allostasis |
| What are two benifits of exercise in relation to coping with Stress? | 1. It reduces muscle tension 2. Uses up stress hormones that are produced while stressed - and turns into the production or endorpins |
| What are two methods of Social Support that could be used for coping with Stress? | 1. Emotional Support 2. Tangible support |
| Define Health | A complete state of physical, mental and social wellbeing (Biopsychosocial Framework) |
| What is an advantage of the Categorical Approach to classifying Mental Health? | It makes communication and referrals between Psychologists and Psychiatrists easier |
| The Functional Approach to Normality states that: | Thoughts, feelings and behaviours are viewed as normal if the individual is able to cope with living independently in society, but considered abnormal if the individual is unable to function in society effectively |
| The Social Approach to Normality states that: | Thoughts, feelings and behaviours that are viewed as appropriate and acceptable in a particular society or culture but not in others |
| The Historical Approach to Normality states that: | What is considered normal and abnormal is a particular society or culture depends on the period (era) when the judgement is made |
| The Situational Approach to Normality states that: | Within a society or culture, thoughts, feelings and behaviors that may be considered normal in one situation, may be considered abnormal in another |
| The Medical Approach to Normality states that: | Abnormal thoughts, feelings and behaviours are viewed as having an underlying biological cause that can usually be diagnosed and treated |
Created by:
StormRider15
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