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Learning
Examples
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Learning | a relatively permanent change in knowledge or behavior |
| Classical Condition | Every time someone flushes a toilet in the apartment building, the shower becomes very hot and causes the person to jump back. Over time, the person begins to jump back automatically after hearing the flush, before the water temperature changes (NS+S) |
| Operant conditioning | Your father gives you a credit card at the end of your first year in college because you did so well. As a result, your grades continue to get better in your second year.It is voluntary |
| Neutral stimulus | does not bring the response of interest (first time the dog see the bell) |
| Uncondition Stimulus | It naturally bring a particular responses without being learned the meat |
| Unconditioned responses | respose that is natural need no training (salivation at the smell of food |
| Conditioned Stimulus | after training is complete the neural stimulus is the CS (the bell no can stimulate the dog without food) |
| Conditioned response | A response after conditioned follow a previously Neutral Stimulus (salivating at the sound of bell without food) |
| Extinction | The process of ending the UCS and CS when it is done many times ( the dog will stop salivate if the bell is ring without Food) |
| Spontaneous recovery | When a CR has been extinguished and a period of time has passed without the presentation of the CS ( drug addict urge to use cocaine after seeing something similar like white powder) |
| Stimulus Generalization | Tape place when a CR occurs in the presence of a stimulus similar to the original CS ( Like when u fear a white rat u fear a white furry) |
| Stimulus Discremination | Organism learn to differentiate from one stimulus to another and respond only to one not the other (Dog recognize machine to open dog food but not the food processor machines) |
| Law effect | responses with satisfying result will be repeated and those less would be less likely repeated |
| Reinforcement | A stimulus increase the probability that a preceding behavior will be repeated ( Releasing the food by pressing the lever)no mention of the lever |
| Reinforcer | Any stimulus that increase the probability that preceding behavior will be repeated (food) |
| Primary reinforcer | Satisfy a biological needs without regard to prior experience |
| Secondary reinforcer | A stimulus that reinforce associated with a PR |
| Positive reinforcement | Bring about an increase in the preceding response ( if u smile u got candy) |
| Negative R | Increase in desired when removed (using cream when skin is dry ) cream increase the response |
| Punishment | Refers to a stimulus that decrease the probability that a behavior will be repeated |
| Positive P | The application of an unpleasant stimulus ( spanking, yelling at a child when he stole something |
| Negative P | Removal of something like a car key from a child because of bad grade |
| Schedule of R | The frequency and timing of reinforcement depend on the use |
| Continuous R | Behavior that is reinforce all the time |
| Partial R | behavior reinforcement is use some of the time but not for every response |
| Fix Ratio | delivers a reinforcement after a certain number of responses |
| Variable ratio | deliver reinforcement on the basis of a varying number of responses |
| Fixed interval | Deliver reinforcement to the first behavior occuring after a set interval or period o f time (period of time) |
| Variable Interval | deliver reinforcement after a varying interval of time |
| Stimulus control | A behavior is reinforced in the presence of specific stimuli |
| Shaping | Shape the desired by rewarding closer and closer approximation. |
| Behavior modification | Theory to change behavior by eliminating undesirable behavior and encouraging desirable one |
| Reward | Similar to the idea of positive reinforcer |
| Latent Learning | Behavior that is learned not demonstrated until reinforcement is provided for demonstracting the behavior |
| Cognitive Learning T | An approach to the study of learning that focuses on the thought process that underline learning |
| Observational L | Learning by observing the behavior of another person |
| Stage of sleep | Stage one: the stage of transition to sleep brain wave are rapid low voltage. Stage two: slower and more regualr wavesometimes sharply pointed wave. Stage three: wave become slowerwith higher peak and lower valleys Stage four: Slower wave pattern. |
| Stage four | Experienced soon after falling a sleep ( sleep become lighter and chacterized by dream) |
| REM | Period of sleep asssociated with with most of our dream is REM occupies 20% of the sleep time |
| Night terrorist | Bad dream |
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