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Phy/Chem Change
WSHS Physical Science - Physical/Chemical Properties and Changes-Stevens/Tedde
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| heterogeneous mixture | the different parts of the mixture are easily distinguishable; tend to separate into layers by filtration |
| hetero | different |
| homogenous mixture | different parts of the mixture can not be easily distinguished; can be solutions or colloids |
| solution | occur when one substance dissolves into another substance; cannot be separated by filtration and do not scatter light; two parts (solute and solvent); a homogeneous mixture |
| solubility | the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature; varies with temperature; based on a saturated solution |
| solubility curve | shows the dependence of solubility on temperature |
| solute | the substance there is less of; substance being dissolved (ex. salt, sugar) |
| solvent | the substance there is more of; present in greater amount (water is the universal solvent) |
| solvaton | occurs at the surface of the solute; when solute particles are pulled into solution |
| concentrated solution | large amount of solute |
| dilute solution | small amount of solute |
| concentration by volume | liquid to liquid |
| concentration by mass | solid to liquid |
| unsaturated solution | more solute dissolves; a solution that has less than the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved |
| saturated solution | no more solute dissolves; contains as much solute as the solvent can hold at a given temperature |
| supersaturated solution | becomes unstable; crystals form |
| colloid | a mixture that contains some particles that are intermediate in size between the small particles of a solution and the larger particles of a suspension (jello, milk, fog); cannot be separated by filtration |
| viscosity | teh resistance of a liquid to flowing |
| conductivity | the ability to allow heat to flow |
| malleability | the abiltiy of a solid to be hammered without shattering |
| melting point | the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid ( 0 degress C) |
| boiling point | the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas (100 degrees C) |
| freezing point | the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid (melting point = freezing point) |
| vaporization | (boiling) liquid to a gas at the boiling point; ex. steam burns, sweating |
| evaporation | liquid to a gas below the boiling point |
| condensation | a gas to a liquid |
| sublimation | a solid to a gas; ex. dry ice, freeze drying, iodine |
| density | the ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume |
| filtration | the process that separates particles based on the size of the particles |
| distillation | process that separates materials based on their boiling point |
| chemical property | the ability of a substance to change in composition; usually requires a new substance to be formed; ex. flammability or reactivity |
| flammability | the ability of a material to burn in the presence of oxygen |
| reactivity | how easily a substance chemically combines with other substances |
| physical change | occures when a physical property is changed but not the composition of the materical; most are reversible |
| chemical change | occures when the composition of the material must change meaning that a new chemical has been formed; ex. Change in color, production of a gas, and form formation of a percipitate |
| percipitate | a solid that forms in a liquid solution |
| physical properties | characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substances of the material; ex. color, density, magnetism, melting point, dissolving, boiling point, conducting electricity |
| chemical properties | reactivity, corrosion, flammibility |
| pure substance | matter that always has the same composition; an element or a compound |
| element | a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary means |
| Jons Berzelius | the scientist that gave elements their symbols |
| aurum | Latin term for gold |
| compound | a substance that is made up of two ro more simpler substances and can be broken down into those substances |
| endothermic | produces energy; absorbs heat |
| exothermic | uses energy; releases heat |
| phases of matter | plasma, solid, liquid, gas |
| solids | definite shape and volume |
| crystalline solids | repeating geometric pattern |
| amorphous solid | no patter ex. gas or wax |
| kinetic energy | the motion of particles; related to temperature |
| potential energy | the space between particles; related to phase changes |
| fusion | energy required to change from a solid to a liquid |
| liquids | indefinite shape; definite volume |
| gases | particles can separate and move throughout a container; indefinite shape and volume |
| plasma | gas-like; indefinite shape and volume; ex. stars, fluorescent light bulbs, tv tubes |
| ionization | breaking apart of polar covalent molecules into ions when dissolving in water |
| dissociation | the process in which an ionic compound separates into ions as it dissolves |
| dispersion | the process in which particles dissolve by breaking apart and scattering |
Created by:
ktedder
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