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Vocab Myers 7e
modules 9 and 10
Question | Answer |
---|---|
adolescence | the transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence |
puberty | the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing |
primary sex characteristics | the body structures (ovaries, testes, adn exter genitailia) that make sexual reproduction possible |
secondary sex characteristics | nonreproductive sexual characteristics, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair |
menarche | the first menstrual period |
preconventional morality | before age 9, most children have a preconventional morality of self-interest: they obey either to avoid punishment or to gain concrete rewards |
conventional morality | by early adolescence, mrality usually evolves to a more conventional level that cares for others and upholds laws and social rules simply because they are teh laws and rules |
postconventional morality | affirms people's agreed-upon rights or follows what one personally perveives as basic ethical principles |
trust vs. mistrust | erikson's stage. infancy. in needs are dependably met, infants develop a sense of basic trust |
autonomy vs shame and doubt | eriksons stages.Toddlerhood. toddlers learn to exercise will and do things for themselves, or they doubt their abilities |
initiative vs. guilt | eriksons stages. preschooler. Preschoolers learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans, or they feel gulty about efforts to be independent. |
competence vs. inferiority | eriksons stages. children learn the pleasure of applying themselves to tasks, or they feel inferior. |
identity vs. role confusion | eriksons stage. Teenagers work at refining a sense of self by testing roles and then integrating them to form a single identity, or they become confused about who they are |
intimacy vs. isolation | eriksons stage. Young adults struggle to form close relationships and to gain teh capacity for intimate love, or they feel socially isolated |
generativity vs. stagnation | eriksons stage. The middle-aged discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work, or tehy meay feel a lack of purpose. |
integrity vs. despair | eriksons stage. When reflecting on his or her life, the older adult may feel a sence of satisfaction or failure. |
identity | one's sense of self; according to Erikson the adolescent's task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles. |
menopause | the time of natural cessation of menstrauion; also refers to teh biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines. |
Alzheimer's disease | a progressive and irreversible brain disorder characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and physical functioning. |
cross-sectional study | a study in which people of different ages are compared with one another |
logitudinal study | research in which the same peopele aer restudied and retested over a long period. |
crystallized intelligence | one's accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age |
fluid intelligence | one's ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood. |
social clock | the culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retierment. |