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Aseptic Techniques
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Certain procedures carried out during the preparation of a sterile product to minimize contamination | Aseptic Technique |
| Means "taking place in a hospital" | Nosocomial |
| What is the most frequent cause of contamination? | The person compounding |
| This type of filter removes large particles and resembles a residential air conditioner filter. | Pre-Filter |
| This type of filter removes 99.97% of particles and microorganisms 0.3 microns or larger. | HEPA Filters |
| HEPA filters must be replaced: | on a regular basis |
| HEPA filters require regular maintenance : | every six months |
| JCAHO requires maintenance: | every 12 months |
| Air flows horizontally across work area | Horizontal Hood |
| Air flows downward onto the surface of work area, safer for the compounder | Vertical Hood |
| Parts of a syringe: | plunger, barrel, tip for needle attachment, markings for measurement, top collar, flat end |
| Syringe sizes range from: | 1-100 ml |
| When measuring parental medication, always use the syringe that: | is closest to the amount that needs to be measured. |
| This type of syringe is the most commonly used. | Plastic syringe |
| What two factors are considered when deciding what type of syringe should be used? | Compatibility and cost |
| Parts of a needle: | Shaft, Hub, Bevel |
| Outside diameter is the _____ of the needle. | gauge |
| The larger the gauge number the _____ the diameter. | smaller |
| The smaller the gauge number the ____ the diameter. | larger |
| Injections bypasses the: | alimentary (digestive) canal |
| Disadvantages of parental routes: | risk of infection, tissue damage, pain/anxiety |
| Drug is injected into superficial layer of skin/most commonly used: | Intradermal |
| Injected into arteries: | Intra-arterial |
| Injected into heart: | Intracardiac |
| Injected into joint: | Intra-articular |
| Injected into spinal cord: | Intrasynovial |
| Injected into brain-spinal cord: | Intrathecal |
| D5W/D10W | 5% dextrose in water/10% dextrose in water |
| 0.9% Sodium Chloride | |
| Having the same osmotic pressure as another solution | Isotonic |
| 1/2 NS = | 0.45% Sodium Chloride |
| Sodium Chloride/NS is isotonic with _____. | blood |
| Used for reconstitution | Sodium Chloride, Sterile Water |
| Hypotonic solutions have a ______ osmotic pressure than red blood cells. | lower |
| Used for patient fluid replenishment. | Ringer's Solution |
| Drug is injected in the loose tissue beneath the skin: | Subcutaneous (SC or SQ) |
| Drug is injected into muscle mass: | Intramuscular |
| Drug is administered into the veins: | Intravenous (IV) |
| With the exception of lipids, IV injections of solutions that are "_____________" should not be administered. | cloudy in appearance |
| When should you disinfect the hood? | At the beginning and end of work shift, hourly during operation, and after spills or known contaminaiton |
| The Laminar Air Flow Hood should be running for at least _____ minutes before using. | 30 |
| You must work at least _____ inches within the hood. | six |
| Avoid working over _________ to prevent contamination fall into preparation area. | open containers |
| Blocking areas of preparation that must remain sterile from the air flow, thus allowing for contamination is called: | Shadowing |
| Areas behind objects in the airflow. | Dead spaces |
| Sterile product preparation room should be free of ______, especially _____ as a source of particles. | dust, cardboard |
| Sterile room should be kept away from ___________. | common routes of personnel traffic |
| While laminar air flow hoods prevent airborne contamination, they do not __________. | guarantee a sterile products |
| Prior to compounding, remove rings, watches, and bracelets which are ideal for _______ to hide. | bacteria |
| While working in the hood, do not introduce items that are not _________ for the preparation (ex. papers, pencils). | essential |
| For drugs in a vial in powder form. it is necessary to reconstitute with a suitable ______. | diluent |
| Prior to compounding, wash hands and forearms to the elbows with the appropriate ________ agent. This should be done for at least ______. | germicidal, 30 seconds |
| When introducing liquid into a plastic IV bag, the needle must be at least _____ inches to penetrate the diaphragm. | 1/2 |
| Containers made entirely of glass. | Ampule |
| When withdrawing liquid from a vial, remove the cover of the vial and wipe rubber surface with an ______________. | alcohol swab |
| Before withdrawing necessary amount of liquid from a vial, you should withdraw the same volume of __________ into the syringe, | air |
| What should you do when there are air bubbles in the syringe? | Tap the syringe to make all of the bubbles go to the top, then pull down and back up to remove it |
| Do not _____ needles. | clip, bend, or recap |
| How should you open an ampule? | Hold the ampule neck with a gauze and snap it open quickly. |
| A _______ should always be used when withdrawing from an ampule to prevent glass particles from getting into the liquid. | filter straw/needle |
| In preparation of parental products, do not ______, thoroughly _____ instead. | shake, rotate (or tilt or roll) |
| Why is isotonicity important? | Because the injectable solution needs to be isotonic with the blood. |
| Important characteristics of parenteral products are: | acid content of the pH of the solution, and color and clarity of an IV |
| What should you do to detect particles in an IV bag? | Hold the product in the light or a dark background |
| What is Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)? | An IV nutritional solution |
| TPNs that contain lipid emulsions are not clear, therefore: | precipitation cannot be seen |
| _____ is a protein source. | Amino Acid |
| IVPB is the administration: | of a second solution into an already established primary line |
| High concentrations of _______ is a carbohydrate source. | dextrose |
| An IVPB must be hung ______ than the primary solution. | higher |
| ______ emulsions are a fat source. | Lipid |
| Used to bathe or flush open wounds or body cavities. | Irrigation |
| All items that have come in contact with antineoplastic agents must be disposed of in containers with the: | biohazard symbol |
| What class cabinet is used in preparing antineoplastic agents? | Class II |
| Which direction does the air go in Class II Biological Safety Cabinets? | downward |
| If a vial is _________ with air, a spray or spill may occur when removing the needle. | over pressurized |
| Hazardous waste container should be: | removed from the work area and destroyed. |
| Why are antineoplastic agents a special concern? | Because of their mutagenic and carcinogenic effects |
| The number of people working with antineoplastic agents should be: | kept to a minimum |
| The Class II Biological Safety Cabinet should: | be certified annually or any time the cabinet is moved, and the blower should be on at all times |
| Considerations in parenteral products include: | Stability time, appropriate vehcile solution (compatibility), light protection |
| Why are antineoplastic agents a special concern? | Because of their mutagenic and carcinogenic effects |
| The number of people working with antineoplastic agents should be: | kept to a minimum |
| The Class II Biological Safety Cabinet should: | be certified annually or any time the cabinet is moved, and the blower should be on at all times |
| Considerations in parenteral products include: | Stability time, appropriate vehcile solution (compatibility), light protection |
| ________ of a liquid is done by using a 0.22 micron filter. | Sterilization |
| Parenteral Product Reference Materials include: | Handbook on Injectables, Guide to Parenteral Admixtures |
| _______ of particulate matter is done by using a 5 micron filter. | Filtration |
| What information does the parental references provide? | Drug solution, compatibility, dosage, and dilution info |
| A non-government, non-profit organization designed to create standards on patient safety, healthcare information, and verification of products. | United States Pharmacopeia |
| Purpose is to set standards for compounding to prevent harm and death to patients. | USP 797 |
| One route of exposure to hazardous drug is: | inhalation |
| Sharps used in hazardous waste are disinfected in an: | autoclave or microwave |
| The counters must be cleaned in a ________ motion. | sweeping |
| CSP used for emergency situations | Immediate Use CSPs |
| Personal Protective Equipement include: | non-shedding gown, powder-free gloves, eye and face protection such as face shields |
| Sterilization methods include: | dry heat, filtration, and steam |
| An example of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) is: | 70% isopropyl alcohol must be used to disinfect all additive containers |
| What determines the CSP risk level? | compounding setting, contamination potential, |
| If Immediate Use CSP are not administered within ____ hour after preparation begins, it must be _______. | one, thrown out |
| What are the different risk levels? | Immediate Use, Low Risk, Low Risk with 12 hour or less BUD, medium risk, and high risk |
| Compounded using sterile drug and sterile devices, using aseptic techniques | Low Risk Level CSP |
| Most of the risk level CSPs require ISO Class ___. | 5 |
| Administration must start within 12 hours or less after preparation | Low Risk Level with 12-hour or less BUD |
| Uses complex aseptic technique, multiple small doses of sterile products are combined to create CSPs that will be given to several patients or one patient multiple times | Medium Risk Level CSP |
| Uses non-sterile ingredients and devices | High Risk Level CSPs |
| This vial contains a perservative | Multi dose vial |
| This vial doesn't contain a perservative | Single dose vial |
| destruction of all microbal life | sterlization |
| destruction of pacific pathogenic microrganisms | disinfection |
| Proper air quality is measured in: | ISO |
| As ISO class goes up, so does that number of: | particles allowed per cubic meter |
| Room where "hoods" are placed for compounding | Buffer area |
| Used to ensure proper air quality, located between buffer area and common pharmacy | Ante area |
| Volumetric air sampling is required: | every 6 months |
| If a hazardous drug were to spill, what should the pharmacy technician do? | use a spill kit |
| If the worker is containmated by a hazardous drug, what should be done? | use eyewash kits and soap and seek medical attention |
| Hazardous waste should be disposed of in: | an incinerator |
Created by:
Michelle Lee
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