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Developmental Psyc
Kaplan
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Down's Symdorne | Genetic anomaly in which the individual has an extra 21st chromosome. Varying levels of MR |
| PKU-Phenylketonuria | degenerative genetic disorder of the NS. PKU results when the enzyme needed to digest phenylalanine, an amino acid in milk, is lacking. Infants screened, can avoid extreme effects with diet modifications. |
| Klinefleter's syndrome | In males, extra X chromosome. XXY Sterile and MR |
| Turner's syndrome, | Females, one X chromosome, failure to develop 2nd sex chars, physical abnormalities-short fingers, unusually shaped mouths. |
| Zygote stage | The sperm cell fertilizes the egg cell and forms a single cell-zygote |
| Germinal period | Fertilized egg travels down the fallopian tube and is implanted into uterine wall, 2 wks |
| Embryonic Period | 8 wks after germinal period. Embryo increases in size by 2 million % |
| Fetal period | Begins in 3rd mth. Measurable electrical activity in the fetus' brain. |
| 1-Sensorimotor Stage | Primary & 2nd circular reactions; object permanence develops |
| 2-Preoperational Stage | Child has not mastered conservation. Marked by object permanence, centration-only focusing on one aspect of an idea (egocentrism) |
| 3- Concrete Operational | Child masters conservation; no abstract thought. Ages 7-11. Can take the perspective of others into account, limited to working with concrete objects or info that is directly available. |
| Formal Operational | Person has the ability to "think like a scientist" think logically about abstract ideas. |
| Phonology | actual sound stem of language. Categorical Perception-ability to distinguish btw different sounds that do(not) change the word's meanings |
| Semantics | word meanings. |
| Syntax | How words are put together into sentences |
| Pragmatics | Actual efficient use of a language. Often the same sentence will have two or more very different meanings depending on how it is spoken. Child must recognize inflections and use them as well. |
| Errors of Growth-Overregulation | Suggests lang acquisition ins not the result of imitation and reinforcement, but the active application of a dynamic internalized set of linguistic rules. |
| Ainsworth, Mary | Devised the strange situation to study attachment. Type A-insecure/avoidant attachment, Type B- Secure attachment, Type C- Insecure/resistant attachment |
| Baumrind, Diane | Studied relationship btw parenting style and aggression. Authoritarian, Authoritative, and permissive |
| Bowlby, John | Studied attachment in human children 1-pre-attachment phase, 2-Attchment is reached when infant can discriminate btw faces 6 mths prefers mom, 9-12 mths stranger anxiety, 24 mths separation anxiety 3 yrs, can leave mom |
| Chomsky, Norm | Linguist who suggested that children have an innate capacity for language Acquisition LAD. transformation grammar-rules that govern the ways in which changes in word order change meaning. |
| Erickson, Erik | Outlines 8 stages of psychosocial development: 1 Trust vs. mistrust 2 autonomy vs. shame and doubt 3 initiative vs. guilt 4 industry vs. inferiority 5- ID vs. role confusion 6- intimacy vs. isolation 7- generativity vs. stagnation 8- integrity vs. despair |
| Gessel, A | Believed that development was due primarily to maturation |
| Gilligan C | Suggested that males and females have different orientations towards morality. Criticism of Kohlberg b/c genders are raised differently |
| Hall G. | Founder of Developmental Psyc |
| Harlow, H | Used monkeys and surrogate mothers to study the role of contact comfort in bond formation |
| Kohlberg L | Studied moral development using moral dilemmas. |
| Kohlberg's Phase One | Preconventional morality Stage (instrumental relativist stage) 1-punishment and obedience 2- Orientation towards reciprocity- I'll scratch your back, you scratch mine. |
| Kohlberg's Phase Two | Conventional phase of morality. 3- Good girl/nice boy- looks for approval from others 4- Law and order orientation-morality in terms of authority |
| Kohlberg's Phase Three | Post-Conventional Morality- 5- Social contract orientation- moral rules are seen as convention that is designed to ensure the greater good. 6- Universal ethical principles- What's actually best |
| Lorenz, Konrad | Studies imprinting in birds-ducks followed him around |
| Rousseau, J. | French Philo, suggested that development could unfold w/o help of society |
| Terman, L. | Performed Longitudinal study on gifted children |
| Tryon, R | Studied genetic basis of maze-running ability in rats-bread maze-dull/maze-bright rats |
| Vygotsky, L | Studied cognitive development; stressed the importance of the zone of proximal development |
Created by:
greggk2013
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