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TLHS Phy Sci #10
Motion, Forces, and Newton's Laws
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| motion | change in an objects position relative to a reference point |
| reference point | a still object used to determine if an object is in motion |
| displacement | distance and direction of an object's change in position |
| speed | distance an object travels over a period of time |
| average speed | total distance traveled divided by all the time taken - including stops |
| instantaneous speed | speed at one instant in time |
| Velocity | speed and direction an object travels |
| momentum | product of mass and velocity |
| acceleration | rate of change of velocity |
| centripetal acceleration | acceleration toward the center of a curve or circle |
| Force | push or a pull |
| friction | force that opposes the sliding of two surfaces |
| static friction | type of friction that balances the applied force = no movement |
| sliding friction | opposes the motion of two surfaces sliding past each other - stops the object quickly when the applied force is gone |
| rolling friction | acts over the area where a wheel & surface area are in contact - special case of static friction |
| fluid friction | friction experienced by objects in a fluid (liquid or gas) |
| gravity | attractive force between any two objects, strength depends on the mass of the objects and the distance between them |
| field | region of space that has a physical quantity - like force - at every point |
| weight | force of gravity on an object, measured in Newtons |
| Newton's First Law | objects move at a constant velocity, unless acted on by an unbalanced force |
| Newton's Second Law | object's acceleration is in the same direction as the net force on the object |
| Newton's Third Law | when one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal force in the opposite direction on the first object |
| inertia | tendency to resist change in motion |
| acceleration | net force divided by mass |
| air resistance | opposes motion of objects through the air - fluid friction |
| terminal velocity | maximum speed an object will reach with falling |
| free fall | when gravity is the only force acting on an object |
| centripetal force | force exerted toward the center of a curve or circle |
| law of conservation of momentum | if no external force acts on a group of objects, momentum does not change |
Created by:
lwhitesittlakeland
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