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NM vocabulary
Neuromuscular selective terminology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| agnosia | inability to recognize familiar objects with one form of sensation (e.g., visual agnosia) |
| akinesia | inability to initiate movement |
| aphasia | disturbance to language that results in errors in word choice, comprehension, or syntax |
| expressive (broca's) aphasia | severe difficulty in verbal expression with impairment in object naming and writing abilities. Mostly found in those with R hemiplegia. |
| global aphasia | most common and severe form of aphasia. Reduced speech and comprehension. Reading and writing are impaired as well. |
| receptive (wernicke's) aphasia | severe disturbance in auditory comprehension. Reading, writing, and word recognition are also impaired. |
| apraxia | inability to perform movement previously learned even though there is no loss of strength, coordination, sensation, or comprehension |
| Ideational apraxia | person no longer gets the "idea" of how to do a routine task; eg., washing hands or brushing teetch |
| ideomotor apraxia | person cannot do a task on command but can do it spontaneously |
| astereognosis | inability to recognize objects by touch alone |
| asynergia | inability to move muscles together in a coordinationed manner |
| ataxia | uncoordinated movement, especially gait |
| athetosis | slow, involuntary, worm-like, twisting movements. usually seen in forms of cerebral palsy |
| causalgia | burning sensation, which are painful. often associated wtih CRPS type 2 |
| cheyne-stroke respiration | common and bizzare breathing pattern characterized by a period of apnea lasting 10-60 sec followed by gradually increasing, then decreasing depth and frequency of respirations. |
| chorea | rapid, involuntary, jerky movements. seen especially in Huntington's chorea |
| clonus | a rhythmic oscillation of a muscle in response to sustained stretch in patients with UMN lesion |
| decerebrate rigidity | contraction of extensor muscle of UE and LE because of an injury at the level of the brain stem |
| decorticate rigidity | contraction of flexory muscles of UE with contraction of extensor muscles of LE |
| delirium | temporary confusion and loss of mental function. often as a result of illness, drug toxicity, or lack of O2. often reversible. |
| dementia | loss of memor or intellectual functioning. |
| dysmetria | inability to judge distances. seen especially in cerebrallar dysfunction |
| electromyography (EMG) | the study of a graphic record of the contraction of a muscle as a result of electrical stimulation. used to evaluate voluntary electrical activity of muscle. |
| glove and stocking anesthesia | occurs in generalized peripheral neuropathies in which the distal portion of the nerves degenerate resulting in anesthesia of the distal extremities in a pattern as if the pt was wearing long gloves and stockings. occasionally seen in GBS |
| herpes zoster (shingles) | painful inflammatoin of posterior root ganglion, caused by virus, resulting in formation of vesicles along the course of dermatomal nerve |
| Horner's syndrome | ptosis of the eyelid, constriction of pupil, lack of sweating of ipsilateral face, often accompanying stroke involving anterior inferior or posterior inferior cerebellar arteries |
| morton's neuroma | excessive pronation during stance produces compression between 3rd and 4th metatarsals. |
| nerve conducting velocity (NCV) test | determines speed of propagation of an action potential along a nerve or muscle fiber. If nerve is compressed/damaged, velocity will be slow and latency (time it takes to travel between 2 points) increased. |
| nystagmus | rapid, usually back and forth, movement of the eyeballs |
| reciprocal inhibition | inhibition of muscles antagonistic to those being facilitated. essential for coordinated movements |
| romberg's sign | loss of balance in standing when eyes are closed |
| somatagnosia | lack of awareness of the relationship of one's own body parts or the body parts of others |
| vegetative state | deep coma with abnormal posturing. |
| visual acuity | sharpness of vision that generally decreases with age or certain disabilities such as diabetes |
| homonymous hemianopsia | deficit of either bilateral R or L halves of the visual field, caused by damage to contralateral optic tract. e.g., bilateral L visual field deficit due to R optic tract damange. |
| bitemporal hemianopsia | deficit of bilateral temporal or peripheral visual field, caused by injury at the optic chiasm. (tunnel vision) |
| monocular blindness | blindness in one eye as a result of damage to optic nerve |
Created by:
mjresendez
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