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IOS6 exam 3

Cancer Biology (Malkinson)

QuestionAnswer
What is oncogene addiction? How does this relate to intracellular signaling? Tumor cells are addicted to a specific growth stimulatory pathway that is activated by mutation. Inhibiting this pathway w/drugs could interfere with cancer growth.
Why is it important to diagnose cancer early? Need to detect tumors early, before their inherent genetic instability allows them to make genetically variant daughter cells that are resistant to drugs or better at metastasizing.
What are the differences between benign and malignant tumors? Benign tumors can cause clinical symptoms of pain and can block exocrine ducts as they expand. Malignant tumors may over secrete hormones, and they destroy normal tissue at local and metastatic sites.
How does the tumor microenvironment/stoma affect tumor cells? WBC (macrophages) secrete many factors that stimulate tumor growth, depress apoptosis, and cripple the adaptive immune response. Some therapies are aimed at re-activating macrophages so that they become anti-tumor again.
What is the significance of tumor angiogenisis? Tumors release factors that stimulate new blood vessel growth to supply it with blood. Drugs are being used to block these factors. An advantage of these drugs is that there is less resistance.
What is EMT and how does it relate to metastasis? Surface tumor cells gain characteristics of normal mesenchymal cells (protease secretion) and lose characteristics of normal epithelial cells (adhesiveness) allowing them to leave the tumor.
Reasons for increased risk of infections... Neutropenia, abnormal flora, defective cell-mediated/humoral immunity, malnutrition, broken physical barriers
Created by: 1297689939
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