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Ap psych all
word | Definition |
---|---|
Absolute refractory period | The period during which a neuron lies dormant after an action potential has been completed. |
Absolute threshold | The minimum amount of stimulation needed for a person to detect the stimulus 50 percent of the time. |
Accommodation | The process by which the shape of an eye’s lens adjusts to focus light from objects nearby or far away. Also: the modification of a schema as new information is incorporated. |
Acetylcholine (ACH) | A neurotransmitter involved in muscle movement, attention, arousal, memory, and emotion. |
Achievement motive | An impulse to master challenges and reach a high standard of excellence. |
Achievement tests | An assessment that measures skills and knowledge that people have already learned. |
Action potential | A short-lived change in electric charge inside a neuron |
Activation-synthesis theory | A theory proposing that neurons in the brain activate randomly during REM sleep. |
Active listening | A feature of client-centered th erapy that involves empathetic listening, by which the therapist echoes, restates, and clarifies what the client says. |
Adaptation | An inherited characteristic that increases in a population because it provides a survival or reproductive advantage. |
Adaptive behaviors | Behaviors that increase reproductive success. |
Additive strategy | The process of listing the attributes of each element of a decision, weighing them according to importance, adding them up, and determining which one is more appealing based on the result. |
Adoption studies | Studies in which researchers examine trait similarities between adopted children and their biological and adoptive parents to figure out whether that trait might be inherited. |
Adrenal cortex | The outer part of the adrenal glands, which secretes corticosteroids |
Agoraphobia | A disorder involving anxiety about situations from which escape would be difficult or embarrassing or places where there might be no help if a panic attack occurred. |