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Physical Sci Final
Review for Physical Science Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Electromagnetic Spectrum | different frequencies of light energy, including Radio Waves, Microwaves, Infrared, visible light, Ultraviolet light, x-ray, and Gamma Rays. |
| Physical Properties | properties that can be observed WITHOUT CHANGING the substance. Examples : electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, solubility, magnetic properties, melting point, boiling point, density. |
| Chemical Properties | Properties that involve CHANGE the substance into something else. Examples: the ability to rust, the ability to burn, the ability to tarnish. |
| Density | Mass/Volume |
| Mass | the amount of matter in an object (Does not change in space!) |
| Weight | the pull of gravity on an object (Changes on other planets and in space!) |
| Volume | The amount of space an object fills. |
| Physical Change | Changes appearance of an object, but it is still the same substance. (Example: tearing paper, breaking glass, cutting hair, melting ice, boiling water) |
| Chemical Change | Changes what a substance IS. (Examples: Burning wood to ash, metal turning to rust.) |
| Law of Conservation of Matter | Matter can NOT be created or destroyed...but it CAN change forms. |
| Atom | the smallest unit of an element. |
| Proton | Positive Charge, in the nucleus of an atom. |
| Neutron | Neutral Charge, in the nucleus of an atom. |
| Electron | Negative Charge, in the electron cloud of an atom. |
| Element | only one type of atom. Each Square on the periodic table. (Hydrogen, Nitrogen) |
| Molecule | More than one atom joined together (Example: C6H12O6 - sugar) |
| periodic table | a chart where elements are grouped according to similar properties. Elements in the same vertical column are VERY similar. |
| Solid | Particles are tightly packed, vibrate in place. Have constant shape & volume. |
| Liquid | Particles are more loosely packed. Have a constant volume, can change shape. |
| Gas | Particles are very spread out and move freely. Volume and shape can change. |
| Pure substance | only one type of substance that can NOT be easily separated. |
| Mixture | Two or more substances that are in the same place, but atoms are NOT chemically bonded. |
| Heterogeneous mixture | can be easily separated (Example: trail mix, or a salad) |
| Homogeneous mixture | evenly mixed, can NOT be easily separated (Example: Smoothie) |
| Solution | When one part of the mixture is dissolved in another. (Example: Lemonade) |
| Conversion factor | The ratio of an equivalent measurement is used to convert a quantity expressed in one unit to another unit |
| Scientific Method | A series of logical steps that is followed in order to solve a problem |
| Kelvin | The SI unit for measuring temperature |
| Evaporation | the change of state from a liguid gas |
| Solid | the state of matter that will hold its shape |
| Condensation | when a gas becomes a liquid |
| The kinetic theory | the higher the temperature, the faster the particles that make up a substance move |
| The Law of Conservation Energy | a substance has the same energy before and after a change of state |
| Solid | a state of matter that has a definite volume but not a definite shape |
| Chemical change | when new substances form, digesting food is an example |
| Mixture | when the different substances in a mixture keep their properties |
| Iron | is an element |
| Ions | atoms that gain or lose electrons |
| Metals | are most elements on the left side of the periodic table |
| Valence Electrons | are elements that belong to the same group, and determine an atom's chemical properties |
| Sodium | is an element that is an alkali metal |
| Metals | are good conductors of heat |
| non metals | most are brittle |
| Noble gases | exist as single atoms rather than as molecules |
| Alkali metals | are extremely reactive because they have one valence electron that is easily removed to form a positive ion |
| Atom's Mass Number | is the amount of protons plus the number of neutrons |
| 2Mg+02 ---> 2Mg0 | magnesium + oxygen ----> magnesium oxide |
| The size of particles | determines whether a mixture is a suspension or a colloid |
| Polar | when a molecule that has partially charged positive and negative areas |
| Suspension | a mixture that separates into different layers when you stop stirring it |
| Newton's 3rd Law of Motion | action and reaction forces |
| an object that is accelerating | may be slowing down, gaining speed, and or changing direction |
| an object is At Rest | is shown by a horizontal line on a distance-time graph |
| Newton's 2nd Law of motion | the acceleration of an object equals the net force acting on the object divided by the object's mass |
Created by:
ebickley
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