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Physical Science
Chpt 12 vocab for final
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Periodic Motion | motion that repeats at a constant rate |
Restoring Force | acts to restore the system to its rest position |
Damping | the effect of friction on periodic motion |
Resonance | when an outside force adds energy to the system |
Interference | when two or more waves meet at the same point |
Longitudinal Waves | individual particles vibrate in the same direction as the wave |
Transverse Waves | individual particles vibrate at right angles to the direction of the wave |
Cycle | each repeated motion |
Constructive Interference | if waves meet crest-to-crest the wave increases in size at the point where they meet, and constructive interference has occured |
Deconstructive Interference | if two waves meet crest-to-trough, the waves disappear or are reduced at the point where they meet |
Pendulum | a mass connected to a string |
Spring | an oscillating system |
Wavelength | the distance between corresponding parts of two consecutive waves |
Amplitude | the maximum displacement from the rest position |
Foucault Pendulum | gives direct evidence that earth turns on its axis |
Period | Time/seconds |
Crest | the highest point of a wave |
Trough | the lowest point of a wave |
Diffraction | light bending |
Refraction | when a wave moves from one medium to another of a different density |
Reflection | when waves bounce off a surface |
Beat | wave which occurs when slightly out-of-phase waves meet |
Doppler Effect | the perceived difference in received frequency compared to the frequency of a wave source due to the relative motion of the observer and the source |
Vibration | a short, rapid movement |
Oscillation | a long, slow movement |
Frequency | Cycles/second; Hertz; Rate |
Rest Position | Midway between the crest and a trough of a wave |
Wave Height | distance from crest down; crest to trough |