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Exam 3 Persaonality
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| • Three parts of the mind *** | o Conscious Mind Paying attention at the moment o Preconscious Mind Things that we are aware of, but are not paying attention too o Subconscious Mind Process and content are out of direct reach of our conscious mind |
| o Id *** | wants instant gratification of our basic wants and needs – if needs and wants are not met then a person becomes anxious/tense |
| o Ego *** | Deals with reality, tries to meet the desires of the Id in a way socially acceptable to the world; this may mean delaying gratification |
| o Superego *** | based on morals and judgment between right and wrong |
| • 5 stages of Psychosexual Development | Oral (0-1 years) Anal Stage Phallic Stage (3-5 years old); Sensitivity now becomes concentrated in the genitalso Latency Stage – (5-6 to puberty) genital Stage;Adolescent sexual experimentation stage |
| o Repression (defense mechanism) *** | mechanism used to keep disturbing or threatening thoughts away from our conscious |
| o Denial (defense mechanism)*** | blocking external events from awareness |
| o Projection *(defense mechanism)** | attributing ones own unacceptable thoughts/feelings and onto another individual |
| o Displacement (defense mechanism)*** | satisfying and impulse (e.g. aggression) with a substitute object |
| o Regression (defense mechanism)*** | “childish” behavior one displays when under stress (e.g. children sucking their thumb when in the hospital) |
| o Sublimation (defense mechanism)*** | Same as displacement only with a socially acceptable way (taking aggression out playing sports or writing or art examples..) |
| • Contemporary views on the unconscious | o Motivated: we bury hidden desires in the unconscious o Cognitive: information received may get into the unconscious and influence us but won’t be buried there |
| • Projective Measures (+strength and weakness) | tests that analyze individual’s hidden emotions o Strengths It may be difficult for an individual to engage in intentional deception o Weaknesses Inconsistent Scoring Low reliability Cultural Bias Poor validity |
| • Need for Cognition | o How determined an individual is to learn and comprehend new information |
| • Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs *** | Biological and physical needs , Safety Needs , love and Belongingness needs , Esteem needs;( Achievement, mastery,prestige, self-respect, respect from others ), Self Actualization ; (Realizing personal potential, self-fulfillment) |
| o Kenrick’s revised pyramid (based on evolution) *** | Biological and Physical needs , Self-Protection , Affiliation , Status/Esteem , Mate Acquisition , Mate Retention , Parenting , |
| o Murray Need-Press Model | List of fundamental needs associated with desire/intention Press: aspects that will satisfy/frustrate desires Alpha Press: Objective Reality Beta Press: Perceived Reality |
| Murray’s four broad needs *** | • Materialistic needs • Power needs • Affection Needs • Ambition Needs |
| o Field Dependent*** | View things globally |
| o Field Independent | View things specifically |
| • Entity Mindset | have a high desire to prove themselves to others |
| • Incremental Mindset | have a LOW desire to prove themselves to others |
| • Promotion Focus | focused on all of the good things that will happen in the outcome of an event |
| • Internal LOC *** | individuals believe that they can influence events and their outcomes |
| • External LOC *** | decisions and life outcomes are due to environmental factors |
| Learned Helplessness*** (contingency, cognitive interpretation, coping behavior) | • Behaviors in which one acts as if they have no control over what they get/achieve o Contingency (how outcomes REALLY are) o Cognitive Interpretation (how much control you believe) o Coping Behavior (how well you cope with eversions) |
| Self Concept *** | the sense of being separate and distinct from others and the awareness of that difference |
| Self-Esteem | a person’s overall subjective emotional evaluation of his or her own worth o Higher S.E. (smarter, likeable, attractive) perform better at school |
| Social Identity *** | a person’s sense of who they are based on their group membership(s) |
| Self-Schema | stable set of memories that summarize a person’s belief’s, experiences, and generalizations about the self |
| Working Self-concept *** | the idea that not all the views upon ourselves can be accessible at any one time |
| Self Enhancement | Desire to think/present ourselves positively |
| Self Verification *** | Need to strive to maintain a positive view of ones self |
| Public Self – Awareness *** | view yourself as other’s would |
| Private Self – Awareness *** | view yourself how you want, without other’s opinion on it |
| Public Self- Consciousness *** | social anxiety is present o “I’m concerned with how I present myself” |
| Private Self-Consciousness*** | constantely examining motives o “I’m constantly trying to figure myself out |
| Personality Disorder | maladaptive and inflexible traits that cause DISTRESS AND IMPAIRMENT |
| Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) (3 types of dysregulation) *** | o 3 types of dysregulation emotional dysregulation - (extreme emotional reactions) , behavioral dysregulation , • (impulsive behaviors hurting oneself ) , Interpersonal dysregulation • (Unstable romantic relationships, Aggressive, Dependent) |
| o Causes of BPD *** | Biological/genetic Higher rates of abuse as a youngo Early loss of love 2% of population |
| Anti-Social Disorder o Symptoms (Must have at least 3) | Failure to conform to social norms Deceitfulness Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead Irritability and aggressiveness Reckless disregard of safety of others Consistent irresponsibility Lack of remorse |
| o Causes of ASD | Biological (associated with drug use?) Genetic causes Deficit in learning through punishment Childhood abuse |
| Histrionic PD: | : 2% excessive attention seeking |
| Schizoid PD | .5% detachment from normal social relations o No need or desire for relationships o Emotionally constricted o Inept or socially clumsy |
| Schizotypical 2% | marked by extreme discomfort in social interactions o Suspicious of others o Unusual perceptual experiences |
| Paranoid 1% *** | marked by extreme distrust in others o Resentful towards others o Extreme jealously o Hostile and argumentative |
| Avoidant 1% *** | marked by feelings of inadequacy and sensitivity to criticism o Low self-esteem |
| Dependent 2% | marked by excessive needs to be taken care of o Seeks reassurance constantly |
| Obsessive-Compulsive 4% | obsessive perfectionism o Inflexible, stubborn, stingy |
| Dimensional Peronality Factors *** | o Theres levels to this shit when assessing (these characteristics are commonly described as aspects within broader personality factors or traits) |
| Categorical *** | o Does or does Not (DSM-5 = example) |
| MMPI | only used in a clinical setting to diagnose psychopathology o Validity (lying for medication) o 567 T/F questions o detect inconsistent responding |
| Type A *** | “workaholics”, push themselves with deadlines, hate delays, short fused |
| Type B | live with lower stress levels, work steadily and enjoy achievement |
| Type D | worry, irritability, gloomy. D stands for distressed |
Created by:
AbeM10
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