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Research Methods
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Conducted in controlled environment. Accurate measurements | Laboratory Experiment |
| Conducted in everyday environment. IV controlled | Field Experiment |
| Conducted in everyday environment. IV not controlled | Natural Experiment |
| Easy to replicate + has internal validity, but lacks ecological + external validity | Laboratory Experiment |
| Ecologically valid + less Demand Characteristics, but Extraneous Variables aren't controlled | Field Experiment |
| Can research unethical variables but is very hard to replicate | Natural Experiment |
| Variables that are manipulated | Independent |
| Variables that are measured | Dependent |
| Variables that need to be controlled to show Cause + Effect | Extraneous |
| Variables that occur when Extraneous Variables aren't controlled | Confounding |
| Personality, age, and intelligence are examples of what type of variable? | Participant |
| Time of day, heat, and Order Effects are examples of what type of variable? | Situational |
| Body language, tone of voice, and bias are examples of what type of variable? | Experimenter |
| Make everything the same for each participant to control Situational variables | Standardise |
| Use this to reduce the effect of Situational Variables | Counterbalance |
| When the participant is unaware of what condition they are in | Single Blind |
| When the participant + experimenter know nothing of the condition | Double Blind |
| Independent raters rate same behaviour as researcher to check reliability | Inter-rater Reliability |
| A set of written questions designed to collect information about a specific topic | Questionnaire |
| Gives greater freedom of participant expression but more difficult to analyse | Open Question |
| Easy to analyse but restricts participant's answers | Closed Question |
| Can get a large sample quickly + can study geographically distant | Advantages of Questionnaire |
| Sample can be biased + participants may not give honest answers | Disadvantages of Questionnaire |
| States that there will be a difference between results but not what the difference will be | Non-directional Hypothesis |
| States that there will be a difference between two results and predicts the difference | Directional Hypothesis |
| Predicts that any differences/similarities between results are due to chance alone | Null Hypothesis |
| Statistical analysis that shows a relationship between two variables | Correlation |
| When both covariables increase/decrease | Positive Correlation |
| When one covariable decreases, the other increases | Negative Correlation |
| No linear correlation | Zero Correlation |
| Interviews with a set format using standardised questions | Structured |
| Interviews with no set format. Information progresses through natural conversation | Unstructured |
| Whether or not the test measures what it set out to measure | Validity |
| Whether or not results are from IV manipulation not another factor | Internal Validity |
| How the findings of research can be generalised to real-life settings | External Validity |
| Whether or not results are consistent | Reliability |
| Data used when categorising something | Nominal |
| Data used to see the order of scores in relation to one another | Ordinal |
| Data that gives the rank order of scores + details of precise intervals between them | Interval |
Created by:
PaddyHoskin97
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