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Unit P8 Test
Waves
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A wave that vibrates the medium up and down or at right angles to the direction it travels | transverse |
| A wave that vibrates the medium back and forth in the same direction it travels | compressional |
| The top of a transverse wave | crest |
| The bottom of a transverse wave | trough |
| From crest to crest | wavelength in a transverse wave |
| The height of a wave | amplitude |
| From compression to compression | wavelength in a compressional wave |
| The area of a compressional wave where it is pushed close together | compression |
| The area of a compressional wave where it is spread out far apart | rarefaction |
| A repeating disturbance that transfers energy through matter or space | wave |
| The name for the material through which a wave moves | medium |
| Any wave that needs a medium | mechanical |
| This shows how much energy a wave has | amplitude (height on a transverse wave) |
| What waves need no medium? | electromagnetic waves like light |
| This is a measure of how many wavelengths pass a point each second | frequency |
| What is the SI unit for frequency (how is it measured)? | Hertz (Hz) |
| When a wave bounces off something | reflection |
| The bending of a wave as it changes speed going from one medium into and through another | refraction |
| The bending of a wave around something | diffraction |
| A special type of wave pattern formed when waves of equal amplitude and opposite direction continuously interfere with each other. | standing wave |
| When two waves overlap and combine as them move through each other | interference |
| What affects the speed of a wave? | medium and temperature |
| All waves are created by what? | vibrations |
| What do waves carry? | energy |
| What are two ways to calculate the speed of a wave? | speed = distance/time or speed = wavelength times frequency |
| What does a frequency of 45 Hz mean? | 45 waves pass a point every second |
| What produces sound waves? | vibrations in matter |
| Sound waves are what type of waves? | compressional because they move back and forth and mechanical because they need a medium |
| What is the frequency of a sound wave called? | pitch |
| What is the range of pitches humans can hear? | 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz |
| Pitches above the range of human hearing are called what? | ultrasonic (infrasonic or subsonic are below what we can hear) |
| What is the amplitude of a sound wave called? | intensity or loudness |
| What do we measure the amplitude of a sound wave in? | decibels (dB) |
| What is the normal range of decibels we can safely and comfortably hear? | 15-120 dB |
| How does our ear hear sound | Sound waves funneled into eardrum which vibrates back and forth. Bones attached also vibrate and vibrate the cochlea which is filled with cells that turn that into electrical impulses to send to the brain |
| How can hearing be damaged | one really loud sound can tear your eardrum, or lots of loud sound over time will wear it out |
| How are electromagnetic waves made | vibrating electrons |
| What type of waves are electromagnetic waves | transverse |
| The dual nature of light theory says light is what two things | wave and particles |
| What is a particle of light called? | Photon |
| What is the name for the whole range of electromagnetic wave frequencies? | The electromagnetic spectrum |
| These are the longest EM waves. They are used for radar, radio and TV transmission, microwaves, cell phone transmission, MRIs | Radio waves |
| These EM waves are just a bit longer than visible light and felt as heat. They are used in remote controls, reading CD's, imaging | Infrared waves |
| This is the part of the EM spectrum we can see | visible light waves |
| What are the colors of visible light in order from longest to shortest | ROYGBIV |
| These EM waves are just shorter than what we can see. They can be damaging to skin and are used to kill bacteria or see florescent things | Ultraviolet waves |
| These are the shortest and most energetic EM waves. They travel through matter and can be harmful if you are exposed to too much of them. | Xrays and Gamma waves |
| How does our eye see? | lens focuses image from reflected light on retina hitting rod and cone cells that transmit impulses to the brain |
| Which is faster the speed of light waves or sound waves? | light is 300,000,000 m/s, sound is 340 m/s, so LIGHT |
| Sound waves are fastest in what state of matter | solids |
| light waves are fastest in what state of matter | gases (even faster in empty space) |
| Light or Sound: Needs a medium | Sound |
| Light or Sound: transverse waves | light (electromagnetic) |
| Light or Sound: created by vibrating electrons | light (electromagnetic) |
| Light or Sound: compressional wave | sound |
| Why is a red shirt red? | It reflects red wavelengths of light to your eye and absorbs the rest |
| Why is a black shirt black? | It reflects nothing to your eye and absorbs all light that hits it |
| Why is a white shirt white? | If reflects all light that hits it making white light |
| What are the primary colors of light | red, green, blue |
| What is the speed of a wave that travels 10 m in 2 s? | Speed = distance / time = 10/2 = 5 m/s |
| What is the speed of a wave that has a frequency of 20 hz and a wavelength of 2 m? | Speed = frequency * wavelength = 20 * 2 = 40 m/s |
Created by:
tbrandt
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