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Soci Exam
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Race and ethnicity: | Socially constructed not biological; ethnicity, Takes culture into account |
| Ethnicity: | A shared cultural heritage of a given group that ha emerged historical and set people apart |
| Social meaning of Race affects: | life chances, where you live, how you are treated, access to wealth and education, housing, life expectancy, power and prestige, other valued resources |
| Biologically speaking, what can we predict from a person's race? | we can predict nothing based on a person's race |
| A shared cultural heritage of a given group that ha emerged historical and set people apart includes: | national origin, language, traditions, customs, religious beliefs/practices, as well as racial category |
| Minorities: | Any category of people who are identified based on physical or cultural traits and then set apart and subordinated by society |
| Prejudice: | A rigid and unfair generalization about an entire race |
| Prejudgments that can be positive or negative (exaggerate virtues of some while condemning virtues of others) | Stereotypes, Discrimination, Racism, Institutional racism |
| Stereotypes: | A simplified description applied to everyone |
| Discrimination: | behavior toward another group that involves unequal treatment |
| Racism: | The beliefs and practices that a dominant racial or ethic group use to systemically keep another group of people in an inferior position. |
| Institutional Racism: | sexism found throughout the economy. Examples: school-to-school pipe line, hospitals, law enforcements |
| while prejudice refers to ____, discrimination is a matter of ____. | beliefs/attitudes; actions |
| Redlining: | degraded blacks from loans |
| Block busting: | anyone could apply to loans |
| White flight: | means and abilities to get out |
| white Privilege: | The color of a persons skin makes a difference in this country when we ignore knowledge, we are denying the institutional racism that exist in our society |
| Services: | Activities that benefit people. Example: teachers and physicians |
| Goods: | Commodities ranging from necessities (food/clothing) to luxury items (cars and yachts) |
| Corporations: | An organization with a legal existence including rights and liabilities, separatw from that of its members |
| Corporations include: | Incorporating an organization makes it a legal entity able to enter into contracts and own property; protect the wealth of owners from lawsuits |
| How did unions change the workforce in the 1900s ? | Banned child labor, set minimum wage levels, improved workplace safety, extended schooling and political rights to a larger segment of the population |
| Corporate Welfare: | funds issued through tax breaks, subsides and grants; spent more |
| Social Welfare: | funds on public service programs |
| Economy: | Organizes a societies production distribution and consumption of goods and services |
| Family: | A social institutions found in all societies that unites people in cooperative groups do care for one another (is culturally relative) |
| Kinship: | A social bond based on marriage, common ancertory/adoption. (culturally relative) |
| 3 kinds of kinship are: | Affineal, consonguineal, and fictive |
| Affineal: | through marriage |
| Consonguineal: | by blood |
| Fictive: | Very close, like family |
| Marriage: | A legal relationship usually involving economic cooperation, sexual activity and child bearing. (culturally relative) |
| Endogamy: | marriage within a social group |
| Exogamy: | marriage outside a social group |
| Monogamy: | One person married to one spouse |
| Polygamy: | One person married to multiple spouses |
| Polygny: | One man with multiple wives |
| Polyandry: | One woman with multiple husbands |
| Patterns of residencys are: | Matrilocality, patrilocailty, neolocality |
| Matrilocality: | Mother family (wife) |
| Patrilocailty: | Fathers family (husband) |
| Neolocality: | New (what we do in U.S.) |
| Divorce; who are likely to get divorced? | young people |
| Divorce; why are people likely to get divorced? | More independence/individualism, money, stress, less stigmia and romantic love |
| Single parenthood: | 32% with children have one parent, 84% are single moms; increase in poverty, 41% of children are born into unmarried mothers (by choice or lesbians) and single parents are growing |
| Religion: | A social institution involving beliefs and practices based on recognizing the sacred. |
| Church: | religious organization |
| Sect: | established religion |
| Cult: | New religion |
| Health as defined by the World Health Organization (W.H.O) | State of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. Not merely the absence of disease |
| What four ways does society affect people's health? | culture patterns define health (white live), culture standards of health (cigarettes), technology affects health, and social inequality affect health (poor people are not as healthy) |
| Culture Bound illness: | specific to specific cultures; White liver: Wasting away because of too much sex, Karo: Asian men are afraid their penis will retract and LAtino-Mal De Djo: Childern, evil eyes |
| How does poverty affect health? | No access to health insurance, doctors or medication. No healthy food access. |
| How does gender affect health? (for both men and woman) | men have higher deaths related to stress while woman are over all healthier but have reproductive issues and special needs |
| Food Desert: | A place with out a grocery store nearby; rural/urban |
| Social change: | The transformation of culture and social institutions overtime (can be positive or negative) |
| Four major characteristics of social change: | happens all the time, often intentional but unplanned, is controversial, some changes matter more than others |
| Social Movement: | An organized activity in which people set out to encourage or discourage social change. Example: desegregation, women's votes and occupy Wall street. |
| Four Stages of Social Movements: | Emergence, coalescence, bureaucratization, decline |
| Emergence: | People think all is not well, identify an issue |
| Coalescence: | Social movement defines itself and comes up with strategy. Example: Occupy Wall Street |
| Bureaucratization: | When things become professionalized/established |
| Decline: | Things either accomplish or fizzle out |
| what percentage of children have one parent? | 32% |
| what percentage of children are born into unmarried mothers? | 41 % |
| what percentage of single mom = increase in poverty? | 84% |
Created by:
apurcel1
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