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Nason Ch 12
Motivation and Work Vocab
| Vocab Word | Definition |
|---|---|
| Motivation | a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior |
| Instinct | a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned |
| Drive-Reduction Theory | the idea that a physiological need creates an arroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need |
| Homeostasis | a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level |
| Incentive | a postive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior |
| Hierarchy of Needs | Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs become active |
| Glucose | the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger |
| Set Point | the point at which a person's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight. |
| Basal Metabolic Rate | the body's resting rate of energy expenditure |
| Anorexa Nervosa | an eating disorder in which a normal person (usually an adolescent female) diets and becomes significantly (15% or more) underweight, yet still feeling fat, continues to starve |
| Bulimia Nervosa | an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise |
| Sexual Response Cycle | the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson- excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution |
| Refractory Period | a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm |
| Sexual Disorder | a problem that consistantly impairs sexual arrousal or functioning |
| Estrogen | a sex horomone, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males. Levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity |
| Testosterone | the most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the excess in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty. |
| Sexual Orientation | an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own sex (homosexual orientation) or the other sex (heterosexual orientation). |
| Flow | a completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills |
| Industrial-Organizational (I/O) Psychology | the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimize human behavior in work places |
| Personnel Psychology | a subfield of I/O psychology that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development |
| Organizational Psychology | a subfield of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change. |
| Structured Interviews | interview process taht asks the same job- relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales. |
| Achievement Motivation | a desire for significant accomplishment: for mastery of things, people or ideas; for attaining a high standard |
| Task Leadership | goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention or goals. |
| Social Leadership | group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support |
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