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Psych 495 Ch 11 Defs
Definitions from Chapter 11
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| attributional ambiguity | the difficulty that stigmatized group members have interpreting feedback from dominant group members because it is unclear whether actual assessments are being colored by bias or by social desirability |
| personal/group discrimination discrepancy (PGDD) | people's belief that their group, as a whole, is more likely to be discriminated against than they are as individuals |
| stigma consciousness | the belief that we live in a stereotyped world and this affects interactions with outgroups |
| stereotype threat | when a stigmatized group member's awareness of a stereotype, and fear of confirming it, harms performance |
| stereotype lift | boost for groups that are aware of the stereotypes about others with whom they are comparing themselves |
| behavioral compensation | strategy to cope with prejudice and discrimination by changing behaviour in ways that disconfirm stereotypes |
| disidentification | devaluing a domain; defining or redefining self concept so that the domain is no longer an area of self-identification. |
| psychological disengagement | a defensive detachment of self-esteem from outcomes in a particular domain so feelings of self-worth are not dependent on success or failure in that domain |
| stigmatized | members of non-privileged groups who violate the norms established by the dominant group ; "deviant" or "marked ones" are "devalued, spoiled or flawed" |
| benign stigmas | factors that give the experience of being different and shameful in only a short-lived, relatively harmless way |
| courtesy stigma/stigma by association | perceived difference based on a person associating with a member of a non-privileged group |
| token status | when an individual is a minority in a setting and stigmatized because of it |
| visibility | the tendency of tokens to be noticed |
| contrast | the polarization or exaggeration of differences between a token and the dominant group |
| assimilation | when a token is stereotyped, especially when characteristics are distorted to fit the stereotype. |
| chilly climate | cumulative negative effects of being in the minority can make tokens feel unwelcome or unsupported in that environment and work/personal life can suffer for it. |