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Psych 495 Ch 11 Defs
Definitions from Chapter 11
Term | Definition |
---|---|
attributional ambiguity | the difficulty that stigmatized group members have interpreting feedback from dominant group members because it is unclear whether actual assessments are being colored by bias or by social desirability |
personal/group discrimination discrepancy (PGDD) | people's belief that their group, as a whole, is more likely to be discriminated against than they are as individuals |
stigma consciousness | the belief that we live in a stereotyped world and this affects interactions with outgroups |
stereotype threat | when a stigmatized group member's awareness of a stereotype, and fear of confirming it, harms performance |
stereotype lift | boost for groups that are aware of the stereotypes about others with whom they are comparing themselves |
behavioral compensation | strategy to cope with prejudice and discrimination by changing behaviour in ways that disconfirm stereotypes |
disidentification | devaluing a domain; defining or redefining self concept so that the domain is no longer an area of self-identification. |
psychological disengagement | a defensive detachment of self-esteem from outcomes in a particular domain so feelings of self-worth are not dependent on success or failure in that domain |
stigmatized | members of non-privileged groups who violate the norms established by the dominant group ; "deviant" or "marked ones" are "devalued, spoiled or flawed" |
benign stigmas | factors that give the experience of being different and shameful in only a short-lived, relatively harmless way |
courtesy stigma/stigma by association | perceived difference based on a person associating with a member of a non-privileged group |
token status | when an individual is a minority in a setting and stigmatized because of it |
visibility | the tendency of tokens to be noticed |
contrast | the polarization or exaggeration of differences between a token and the dominant group |
assimilation | when a token is stereotyped, especially when characteristics are distorted to fit the stereotype. |
chilly climate | cumulative negative effects of being in the minority can make tokens feel unwelcome or unsupported in that environment and work/personal life can suffer for it. |