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science quiz
science quiz on the body and its systems
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what system consists of the heart and the three types of blood vessels that carry blood throughout you body? | cardiovascular system |
| what is a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to the body's organs? | artery |
| what is a tiny blood vessel that allows an exchange between blood and cells in other tissue? | a capillary |
| what is a vessel that carries blood to the heart? | a vein |
| what is the flow of blood from the heart to the LUNGS and back to the heart THROUGH pulmonary arteries, veins, and capillaries? | pulmonary circulation |
| what is the FLOW of blood from the heart to all parts of the body and BACK to the heart? | systemic circualtion |
| what is the upper chamber called? | atrium |
| what is the lower chamber called? | ventricle |
| what is a flap-like structure located between the atria and ventricles, and where large arteries are attached to the heart? | a valve |
| what is a tube where blood travels throughout your body (a hollow tube)? | blood vessel |
| what is it called when your heartbeat pumps blood into your arteries at high pressure? | blood pressure |
| the heart, blood, arteries, veins, capillaries, and lymphatic system make up the ___________________ ____________. | circulatory system |
| the heart and three types of blood vessels together make up the ________________________ _____________. | cardiovascular system |
| the word cardio means __________. | heart |
| the word vascular means __________ ____________. | blood vessel |
| arteries, veins, and capillaries are _______ _________ that carry blood throughout the body. | blood vessels |
| what kind of tissue makes up most of the heart? | cardiac |
| each upper chamber of the heart is called a(n).... | atrium |
| each lower chamber of the heart is called a(n).... | ventricle |
| the right side of the heart pumps oxygen-poor blood to the...... | lungs |
| the left side of the heart pumps oxygen-rich blood to the... | body |
| when atria relax, what do ventricles do? | contract |
| why do the hearts valves close? | to prevent blood from going backwards |
| what part of the heart makes the "heartbeat" sound? | valves closing |
| what carries blood back to the heart? | a vein |
| what allows exchanges between blood and body cells? | capillary |
| what carries blood away from the heart? | artery |
| what is the pressure caused by heartbeats? | blood pressure |
| what is caused by rythmic change in blood pressure? | pulse |
| what is the narrowest kind of blood vessel? | a capillary |
| what kind of blood vessels are helped by the contracting of skeletal muscles? | veins |
| what kind of blood vessels stretch due to blood pressure? | arteries |
| what is added to blood when it is pumped to the lungs? | oxygen |
| what is taken from blood when it is pumped to the lungs? | carbon dioxide |
| where does the exchange of blood and oxygen take place in the lungs? | capillaries |
| the flow of blood between the heart to the lungs is......... | pulmonary circulation |
| the flow of blood between the heart and the rest of the body is ____________ circulation | systemic |
| cardiovascular problems can harm the whole _______ | body |
| a healthy diet and plenty of ____________ can reduce the risk of cardiovascular problems. | exercise |
| what are the leading causes of death in the united states? | heart diseases |
| fatty buildup in the blood vessels is....... | atherosclerosis |
| abnormally HIGH blood PRESSURE is........... | hypertension |
| brain damage caused by damage to blood vessels is............... | stroke |
| what is the condition caused by the death of heart muscle cells? | heart attack |
| what can happen when the blood supply to the heart is blocked? | a heart failure occurs when that happens |
| the right side is the heart is oxygen rich or oxygen poor? | oxygen poor |
| the left side of the heart is oxygen rich or oxygen poor? | oxygen rich |
| the heart keeps the _____ flowing | blood |
| pulmonary has to do with the ____________ | lungs |
| an adult body has about ____ liters of blood. | 5 |
| list the four components of blood... | plasma, platelets, white blood cells, red blood cells |
| the fluid part of blood is called _____ | plasma |
| what do red blood cells do? | take oxygen and nutrients to the cells in your body |
| to what does hemoglobin cling to? | oxygen |
| when bleeding starts __________ form a plug to reduce blood loss. | platelets |
| what two things do white blood cells do? | destroy pathogens and release antibodies |
| pathogens include bacteria, __________, and other microscopic organisms. | viruses |
| to fight pathogens, white blood cells destroy pathogens or release _____________ | antibodies |
| what destroys dead or damaged body cells? | white blood cells |
| blood helps to regulate body ____________ | temperature |
| when body temperature rises, blood vessels in the skin ___________ | enlarge |
| the force that blood exerts on the walls of the arteries is called........ | blood pressure |
| when is systolic pressure measured? | when the heart contracts (beating) |
| when is diastolic pressure measured? | when the ventricles relax |
| what are the two organs that can be damaged by high blood pressure? | heart and kidneys |
| to what does a blood type refer? | chemicals called antigens on red blood cells |
| what kind of antibodies does a person with type A blood have? | type b antibodies |
| which blood type is a universal donor? | O |
| what does a transfusion attempt to do? | it tries to replace lost blood |
| the liquid portion of the blood. composed of water and proteins | plasma |
| ________ are involved in blood clotting, and repair and regeneration of connective tissue | platelets |
| what transports oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the cells | red blood cells |
| vessels that carry blood away from the heart | arteries |
| smallest blood vessel | capillary |
| vessels that carry blood towards the heart | vein |
| this chamber receives blood from the lungs | left atrium |
| these prevent blood from going the wrong way | valves |
| this chamber pumps blood to the aorta | left ventricle |
| vessels where o2 diffuses into and co2 diffuses out of blood | capillaries of the lungs |
| major blood vessel taking blood away from the heart to the rest of the body | aorta |
| major vein returning blood from the body | vena cava |
| vessels that takes blood to the lungs | pulmonary arteries |
| vessels that return blood from the lungs | pulmonary veins |
| vessels where oxygen and nutrients diffuse out of and waste diffuse into blood | capillaries of the body |
| true or false: atherosclerosis is when your blood pressure is too high | false |
| true or false:your blood is blue until it reacts with oxygen | false |
| true or false: a heart attack is when the coronary artery is blocked and part of the heart itself begins to die. | true |
| true or false: hypertension is a build-up of cholesterol in the walls of your arteries | false |
| in which blood vessels does gas exchange take place? | capillaries |
| what is the correct order through which blood flows as it leaves the heart? | artery--capillary--vein |
| your blood is mostly made up of what? | plasma |
| _________ is caused by the rhythmic change in blood pressure. | pulse |
| what are the narrowest blood vessels? | capillaries |
| what is the largest artery? | aorta |
| what chambers of the heart pump blood? | ventricles |
| which side of the heart is oxygen rich? | left |
| having a fatty buildup in the blood vessels is called ___________________. | atheroscelosis |
| define pulse. | expansion and contraction of the arteries walls |
| define blood pressure. | pressure on artery walls |
| what (gas) is taken from the blood when it is pumped to the lungs? | co2 |
| which blood type is a universal blood donor? | o |
| besides delivering oxygen and nutrients to the cells and removing carbon dioxide and waste, what three things does the circulatory system do? | protects from diseases and germs, protect from bacteria and viruses, and control body temperature |
| movement of blood between the lungs and the heart is ___________________ _______________________ . | pulmonary circulation |
| why are cylinders a good shape to use in the circulatory system? | they are efficient blood flows easily |
| what is needed to release energy in the body? | o2 |
| where does air first enter the respiratory system? | nostrils |
| what is the common name for the trachea? | windpipe |
| what is the scientific name for the voicebox? | larynx |
| what surrounds each alveolus? | capillaries |
| air is mostly composed of what? | nitrogen |
| what are the balloon-like structures in the lungs called? | alveoli |
| define "lymphatic system" | a group of organs and tissues that collect excess fluid and returns it to your body |
| what does the lymphatic system help fight? | pathogens |
| what is the main gland of the lymphatic system? | thymus |
| what is the largest lymphatic organ? | spleen |
| where are blood cells made? | bone marrow |
| what do lymph nodes do? | remove pathogens from lymph |
| a type of white blood cell that fights pathogens is a ______________. | lymphocyte |
| pathogens are destroyed by a kind of lymphocyte called a _______________. | killer t-cell |
| what is a tiny sac at the end of the bronchioles? | alveoli |
| what is a tube that branches off of the trachea? | bronchi |
| what is a skin flap that directs air and food to the proper channel? | epiglottis |
| what contains the vocal cords? | larynx |
| what is the main passage in and out of the respiratory system? | the nose |
| what is a tube-like structure made of cartilage? | the trachea |
| bronchi branch many times (bronchioles) getting smaller and smaller ending in tiny spherical air sacs called alveoli is what? | the lungs |
| what is folds of tissue located in the larynx that vibrate when air passes over them, producing the sound waves associated with talking and singing? (definition by google) | the vocal cords |
| what is the muscle that separates the chest (thoracic) cavity from the abdomen. The _______ is the main muscle of respiration. Contraction of the _______ muscle expands the lungs during inspiration when one is breathing air in. | diaphragm |
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