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AP Psych Practice 3
Biological Basis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Neuron | The basic cell of the nervous system. |
| Dendrites | They receive incoming signals. |
| Soma | The cell body, including the nucleus. |
| Axon | The threadlike part of the nerve cell, & action potential travels down it. |
| Myelin sheath | The covering that surrounds the axon, & speeds up the signal. |
| Terminals | They send signals to the next neuron. |
| Synapse | A gap between neurons. |
| Action potential | The movement of sodium & potassium ions across a membrane that sends an electrical charge down the axon. |
| "All or None" law | The stimulus must trigger the action potential past its threshold, but does not increase the intensity of the response. |
| Refractory period | The neuron must rest & reset before it can send another action potential. |
| "SAME" | Sensory neurons (receive signals), Afferent neurons (accepts signals), Motor neurons (sends signals), & Efferent neurons (signal exits) |
| Central nervous system | Brain & spinal cord. |
| Peripheral nervous system | The rest of the nervous system. |
| Somatic nervous system | Voluntary movement. |
| Autonomic nervous system | Involuntary movement. |
| Sympathetic nervous system | Activate fight-or-flight response. |
| Parasympathetic nervous system | Rest & digest. |
| Neurotransmitters | The chemicals released in the synaptic gap & received by neurons. |
| Agonist | A drug that mimics a neurotransmitter. |
| GABA | A major inhibitory neurotransmitter. |
| Glutamate | A major excitatory neurotransmitter. |
| Dopamine | Reward-motivated. |
| Serotonin | Mood & emotions. |
| Acetylcholine (ACh) | Memory |
| Epinephrine & nonepinephrine | Sympathetic neurotransmitter arousal. |
| Endorphines | Pain controllers & happiness. |
| Oxytocin | Love & bonding. |
| Antagonist | A drug that blocks a neurotransmitter. |
| Reuptake | Unused neurotransmitters are taken back up into the sending neuron . |
| Hindbrain | The oldest part of the brain. |
| Cerebellum | Movement. |
| Medulla | Vital organs. |
| Pons | Sleep & arousal. |
| Reticular formation | Attention. |
| Forebrain | Higher thought process. |
| Amygdala | Emotions & fear. |
| Hippocampus | Memory. |
| Thalamus | Relay center. |
| Hypothalamus | Reward/pleasure center, eating behaviors. |
| Broca's area | Inability to produce speech. |
| Wernicke's area | Inability to comprehend speech. |
| Cerebral cortex | Outer portion of the brain, higher order thought process. |
| Occipital lobe | Located in the back of the head; vision. |
| Frontal lobe | Decision making, planning, judgement, movement & personality. |
| Parietal lobe | Located on the top of the head; sensation. |
| Temporal lobe | Located on the sides of the head; hearing & face recognition. |
| Somatosensory cortex | Map of our sensory receptors; in parietal lobe. |
| Motor cortex | Map of our motor receptors; in frontal lobe. |
| Corpus callosum | Bundle of nerves that connects 2 hemispheres. |
| Lateralization | Language. |
| Split-brain experiments | Sperry & Gazzanaga; images shown to the right will be processed to the left & vice versa. |
| Endocrine system | Sends hormones throughout the body. |
| Pituitary Gland | Controlled by hypothalamus; release growth hormones. |
| Adrenal Glands | Related to sympathetic nervous system; releases adrenaline. |
Created by:
taramichelle
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