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Psy100-OSU-Disorder
Psychology 100 @ OSU - Psychological Disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| moral treatment | approach to mental illness calling for dignity, kindness, and respect for the mentally ill |
| deinstitutionalization | 1960s & 1970s governmental policy that focused on releasing hospitalized psychiatric patients into the community and closing mental hospitals |
| demonic model | view of mental illness in which odd behavior hearing voices or talking to oneself was attributed to evil spirits infesting the body |
| medical model | perception that regarded mental illness as due to a physical disorder requiring medical treatment |
| asylums | institutions for the mentally ill created in the 15th century |
| bulemia nervosa | eating disorder associated with a pattern of binging and purging in an effort to lose or maintain weight |
| anorezia nervosa | eating disorder associated with excessive weight loss and the irrational perception that one is overweight |
| Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) | diagnostic system containing the American Psychiatric Association (APA) criteria for mental disorders |
| labeling theorists | scholars who argue that psychiatric diagnoses exert powerful negative effects on people's perceptions and behaviors |
| somatoform disorders | conditions marked by physical symptoms that suggest an underlying illness, but they are actually psychological in origin |
| hypochondriasis | an individual's continual preoccupation with the notion that he/she is suffering from a seriosu physical disease |
| panic attacks | breif, intense episodes of extreme fear characterized by sweatiung, dizziness, light-headedness, racing heartbeat, and feelings of impending death or going crazy. |
| panic disorder | repeated and unexpected panic attacks, along with either persistent concerns about future attacks or a change in personal behavior in an attempt to avoid them |
| generalized anxiety disorder | continual feelings of worry, anxiety, physical tension, and irritability across many areas of life functioning |
| phobia | intense fear of an object or situation that's greatly out of proportion to its actual threat |
| agoraphobia | fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or embarrassing, or in which help is unavailable in the event of a panic attack |
| specific phobias | intense fear of objects places or situations that are greatly out of proportion to their actual threat |
| social phobia | marked fear of public appearance in which embarrassment or humiliation is possible |
| post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) | marked emotional disturbance after experiencing or witnessing a severely stressful event |
| obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) | condition marked by repeated and lengthy immersion in obsessions, compulsions or both (at least 1hr per day) |
| obsessions | persistent ideas, thoughts, or impulses that are unwanted and inappropriate, causing marked distress |
| compulsions | repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce or prevent stress |
| anxiety-sensitivity | fear of anxiety-related sensations |
| major depressive episode | state in which a person experiences a lingering depressed mood or diminished interest in pleasurable activities, along with symptoms that include weight loss and sleep difficulties |
| cognitive depression model | theory that depression is caused by negative beliefs and expectations |
| learned helplessness | tendency to feel helpless in the face of events we cant control |
| manic episode | experience marked by dramatically elevated mood, decreased need for sleep, increased energy, inflated self esteem, increased talkativeness, and irresponsible behavior |
| bipolar disorder | condition marked by a history of at least one manic episode |
| schizophrenia | sever disorder of thought and emotion associated with a loss of contact with reality |
| delusion | strongly held, fixed beliefs that have no basis in reality |
| psychotic symptoms | psychological problems reflecting serious distortions in reality |
| hallucinations | sensory perceptions that occur in the absence of an external stimulus |
| catatonic symptoms | motor problems, including extreme resistance to complying with simple suggestions, holding the body in bizarre or rigid postures, or curling up in a fetal position |
| diathetic-stress models | perspective proposing that mental disorders are a joint product of a genetic vulnerability, called a diathesis, and stressors that trigger this vulnerability. |
| personality disorder | condition in which personality traits are inflexible and stable, expressed in many situations, and lead to distress or impairment |
| borderline personality disorder | condition marked by extreme instability in mood, identity, and impulse control |
| psychopathic personality | condition marked by superficial charm, dishonesty, manipulativeness, self-centerednesss, and risk-taking |
| antisocial personality disorder | condition marked by a legnthy history of irresponsible and/or illegal actions |
| psychotherapy | a psychological intervention designed to help people resolve emotional, behavioral, and interpersonal problems and improve the quality of their lives |
| paraprofessional | person with no professional training who provides mental health services |
| insight therapies | psychotherapies, including psycho-dynamic and humanistic-existential approaches, with the goal of expanding awareness or insight |
| free association | technique in which patients express themselves without censorship of any sort |
| resistance | attempts to avoid confrontation and anxiety associated with uncovering previously repressed thoughts, emotions, and impulses |
| transference | projecting intense, unrealistic feelings and expectations from the past onto the therapist |
| work through | to confront and resolve problems, conflicts, and ineffective copig responses in everyday life |
| interpersonal therapy | treatment that strengthens social skills and targets interpersonal problems, conflicts, and life transitions |
| humanistic-existential psychotherapy | therapies that share an emphasis on the development of humanb potential and the bel,ief that human nature is basically positive |
| phenomenological approach | perspective in which therapists encounter patients in terms of subjective phenomena (thoughts, feelings) in the present moment |
| person-centered therapy | therapy centering on the patient's goals and ways of solving problems |
| Gestalt therapy | therapy that aims to integrate different and sometimes opposing aspects of personality into a unified sense of self |
| experimental therapies | interventions that recognize the importance of awareness, acceptance, and expression of feelings |
| logotherapy | therapeutic approach that helps people find meaning in their lives |
| behavior therapists | therapist who focuses on specific problem behaviors, and current variables that maintain problematic thoughts, feelings, and behaviors |
| systematic desensitization | patients are taught to relaz as they are gradually expose to what they fear in a stepwise manner |
| exposure therapy | therapy that confronts patients with what they fear with the goal of reducing the fear |
| dismantling | research procedure for examining the effectiveness of isolated components of a larger treatment |
| response prevention | technique in which therapists prevent patients from performing their typical avoidance behaviors |
| participant modeling | technique in which the therapist first models a problematic situation and then guides the patient through steps to cope with it unassisted |
| token economy | method in which desirable behaviors are rewarded with tokens that patients can exchange for tangible rewards |
| aversion therapy | treatment that uses punishment to decrease the frequency of undesirable behaviors |
| cognative-behavior therapy | treatment that attempts to repalce maladaptive or irrational cognitions with more adaptive rational cognitions |
| group therapy | therapy that treats more than one person at a time |
| pharmacotherapy | use of medications to treat psychological problems |
| electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) | patients receive brief electrical pulses to the brain that produce a seizure to treat serious psychological problems |
| psychosurgery | brain surgery to treat psychological prbllems |
Created by:
neill89
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