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Psych100-SocialPsych
Psych 100 @ OSU - Social Psychology (p.533-553,558-571)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| social psychology | study of how people influence others' behavior, beliefs, and attitudes |
| social facilitation | enhancement of performance brought about by the presence of others |
| attribution | process of assigning causes to behavior |
| fundamental attribution error | tendency to overestimate the impact of dispositional influences on other people's behavior |
| social comparison theory | theory that we seek to evaluate our beliefs, attitudes, and abilities by comparing our reactions with others' |
| mass hysteria | outbreak of irrational behavior that is spread by social contagion |
| conformity | tendency of a people to alter their behavior as a result of group pressure |
| parametric studies | studies in which an experimenter systematically manipulates the independent variable to observe its effects on the dependent variable |
| deindividuation | tendency of people to engage in uncharacteristic behavior when they are stripped of their usual identities |
| groupthink | emphasis on group unanimity at the expense of critical thinking and sound reasoning |
| group polarization | tendency of group discussion to strengthen the dominant positions held by individual group members |
| cults | groups of individuals who exhibit intense and unquestioning devotion to a single cause |
| inoculation effect | approach to convincing people to change their minds about something by first introducing reasons why the perspective might be correct, and then debunking it |
| obedience | adherence to instructions from those of higher authority |
| pluralistic ignorance | error of assuming that no one in a group perceives the things we do |
| diffusion of responsibility | reduction in feelings of personal responsibility in the presence of others |
| social loafing | phenomenon whereby individuals become less productive in groups |
| altruism | helping others for unselfish reasons |
| enlightenment effect | learning about psychological research can change real-world behavior for the better |
| belief | conclusion regarding factual evidence |
| attitude | belief that includes an emotional component |
| self monitoring | personality trait that asses the extent to which people's behavior reflects their true feelings and attitudes |
| cognitive dissonance | unpleasant mental experience of tension resulting from two conflicting thoughts or beleifs |
| self-perception theory | theory that we acquire our attitudes by observing our behaviors |
| impression management theory | theory that we don't really change our attitudes, but report that we have so our behaviors appear consistent with our attitudes |
| foot in the door technique | persuasive technique involving making a small request before making a big one |
| door in the face technique | persuasive technique involving making an unreasonably large request before making the small request we're hoping to have granted |
| low-ball technique | persuasive technique in which the seller of a product starts by quoting a low sales price, and then mentions all of the add-on costs once the customer has agreed to purchase the product |
| prejudice | drawing conclusions about a person, group of people, or situation prior to evaluating the evidence |
| adaptive conservatism | evolutionary principle that creates a predisposition toward distrusting anything or anyone unfamiliar or different |
| in-group bias | tendency to favor individuals within our group over those from outside our group |
| out-group homogenity | tendency to view all individuals outside our group as highly similar |
| discrimination | negative behavior towards members of out-groups |
| stereotype | a belief, positive or negative, about the characteristics of members of a group that is applied generally to most members of the group |
| implicit and explicit stereotypes | beliefs about the characteristics of an out-group about which we're either unaware (implicit) or aware (explicit) |
| ultimate attribution error | assumption that behaviors among individual members of a group are due to their internal dispositions |
| scapegoat hypothesis | claim that prejudice arises from a need to blame other groups for our misfortunes |
| just-world hypothesis | claim that our attributions and behaviors are shaped by a deep seated assumption that the world is fair and all things happen for a reason |
| jigsaw classrooms | educational approach designed to minimize prejudice by requiring all children to make independent contributions to a shared project |
Created by:
neill89
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