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Neck or Vertebral
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| elevates the first two ribs | Scalenes |
| prime mover of back extension; consists of three muscle columns (iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis) | Erector Spinae |
| one flexes the vertebral column laterally; the pair extends the lumbar spine and fixes the 12th Rib | Quadratus lumborum |
| extends the vertebral column and head and rotates them to opposite sides | Semispinalis |
| prime mover of head flexion; spasms of one causes torticollis | Splenius |
| acting together, the pair extends the head; one rotates the head and bends it laterally | Sternocleidomastoid |