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HELUS Phys.Sci.8,Ch7
The Periodic Table and Physical Properties
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the name of the system used for organizing elements? | The Periodic Table |
| What is the term for a nucleus that is unstable and undergoes radioactive decay? | Radioactive |
| What type of change takes place when a substance changes in size, shape, or state ofmatter but the identity of the substance stays the same? | Physical Change |
| Ability of a material to transfer electricity or thermal energy | Conductivity |
| Temperature at which a solid changes to aliquid | Melting Point |
| Elements having only radioactive isotopes | Radioactive Element |
| Radioactive elements made in labs by scientists | Synthetic Element |
| Time it takes for a sample of radioactiveelement to decay to half of its original mass | Half-life |
| Mass-per-unit volume of a substance | Density |
| Hardest substance in nature | Diamond |
| Affects boiling and melting points | Air Pressure |
| Any characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material itself. | Physical Property |
| One of two or more atoms of an element with the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons, in their nuclei. | Isotope |
| The process of radioactive decay when it results in the formation of a different element | Transmutation |
| ____ has an atomic number of 6. | Carbon |
| Each element is arranged in the periodic table according to what? | Atomic Number |
| There are seven horizontal rows of elements, called what? | Periods |
| There are 18 vertical columns of elements on the periodic table, called what? | Groups |
| Each member of a group in the periodic table tends to have _____ and physical properties similar to those of the other members of the group. | Chemical |
| _______ properties are the collective properties of common metals. | Metallic |
| The shine of a metal such as gold, silver, or stainless steel is called _______. | Luster |
| Metals can be shaped into sheets or pulled into wires, meaning that metals are both malleable and ______. | Ductile |
| The most reactive ____, found in Groups 1 and 2 of the periodic table, combine withother materials easily and are never found in nature by themselves. | metals |
| Nonmetals are found on the ____ side (right or left) of the periodic table and have properties that are the opposite of metals. | Right |
| _______, a nonmetal, is important in the compounds that make up the living world. | Carbon |
| The most reactive nonmetals, called ______, are found in Group 17 on the periodic table and do not exist in nature by themselves. | halogens |
| The ______, or metalloids, are located between the metals and nonmetals on the periodic table in a stair-like pattern starting with boron and moving down and to the right. | semimetals |
| Semimetals have properties of both metals and _________. | Nonmetals |
| A _________ is an element, like silicon, that does not conduct electricity as well as a metal but does conduct electricity better than a nonmetal. | semiconductor |
| Elements in Group 18 on the periodic table are known as the ___ ___. They are extremely stable and exist in nature only as single atoms. | noble gases |
| Because they have the same number of _____ in their outer energy levels, different isotopes form compounds with nearly identical chemical properties | electrons |
| Many atomic nuclei are stable when they have the same number of protons and _______ andare unstable when they have more neutrons than protons. | neutrons |
| _____ ______, or radioactivity, occurs when an unstable atomic nucleus changes intoanother nucleus by emitting one or more particles and energy. | Radioactive Decay |
| An alpha particle has two ____ and two ______ | Protons Neutrons |
| An electron released from the nucleus of an atom is called a _____ particle. | beta |
| Elements with no stable isotopes are called ______ ________. | radioactive elements |
| Nuclei with large numbers of protons and neutrons tend to be ______. | unstable |
| The _____ of a radioactive isotope is the time it takes for a sample of that isotope to decay to half of its original mass. | half-life |
| _____ _______ are radioactive elements that are made by scientists in laboratories or created during nuclear reactions. | synthetic elements |
| Artificial transmutation is done by causing ______ to collide with each other at high speeds | particles |
| Particles are given high speeds using a tool called a ______ ______. | particle accelerator |
| Some physical properties, such as _____ and volume, depend on the amount of matter; otherphysical properties do not depend on the amount of matter. | mass |
| The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas is its ____ _____ | boiling point |
| Substances whose molecules have stronger attractions to each other tend to have _____melting and boiling points. | higher |
| The higher the air pressure around a substance, the higher its _____ and boiling points | melting |
| ______ is a physical property that shows how strongly the particles of a substance are held together. | Hardness |
| _____ ______ is the ability of a material to transfer heat | Thermal conductivity |
| ______ ______ is the ability of a material to transfer electric charge. | Electrical conductivity |
| _______ is a physical change in which one substance is mixed into another substance toform a solution. | Dissolving |
| ______ is a physical change that takes place when two substances are combined and neithersubstance dissolves. | Mixing |
| Changes in the state of matter of a substance are ____ ____ and are reversible | physical changes |
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jnosik
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