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RADT 465: Rad Pro.
ARRT registry review covering Radiation Protection
Question | Answer |
---|---|
The term optimization for radiation protection is synonymous with which other term? | ALARA |
What are two examples of natural sources of ionizing radiation? | Radioactive elements in the crust of the earth and in the human body. |
An equivalent dose as low as 0.25 Sv delivered to the whole body may cause which of the following within a few days? | A decrease in the number of lymphocytes in the blood. |
The degree to which a diagnostic study accurately reveals the presence or absence of disease in the patient defines which term? | Diagnostic efficacy |
What was recognized as the main adverse health effect from the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear power accident? | Increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer in children and adolescents. |
Exit, or image-formation, radiation is composed of which of the following? | Non-interacting and small-angle scattered photons. |
What contributes greatly to the exposure of the radiographer during an exam? | Compton-scattered photons |
In the radiographic kV range, which of the following structures will undergo the most photoelectric absorption? | Compact bone |
In which x-ray interaction with matter is the energy of the incident photon partially absorbed? | Compton |
When a high atomic number solution is either injected or ingested into human tissue or a structure to visualize it during an imaging procedure, what will occur? | Photoelectric interaction becomes significantly enhanced, leading to an increase in the absorbed dose in the body tissues or structures that contain the contrast medium. |
Which characteristic primarily differentiates the probability of occurrence of the various interactions of x-radiation with human tissue? | Energy of the incoming photon |
Which factors influence attenuation? | Effective atomic number of the absorber, mass density, thickness of the absorber. |
A decrease in contrast of an image by adding an additional, unwanted density results from which interaction between x-radiation and matter? | Compton scattering |
The interactions of x-ray photons with any atoms of biologic matter are what? | Random in nature, and therefore the effects of such interactions cannot be predicted with certainty. |
What was used as the first measure of exposure for ionizing radiation? | Skin erythema |
What is the unit of collection effective dose (ColEfD)? | Person-sievert |
The tissue weighting factor is used to do what? | Account for the risk to the entire organism brought on by irradiation of individual tissues and organs. |
If the absorbed dose is stated in rad, gray may be determined by doing what? | Dividing by 100. |
What does the traditional radiation unit, the roentgen, measure? | Radiation exposure in air only. |
Which radiation quantity accounts for some biologic tissues being more sensitive to radiation damage than other tissues? | Effective dose |
What is determined by dividing the number of rad by 100? | Number of gray |
When laser light is incident on the sensing material in an OSL dosimeter, the material does what? | Becomes luminescent in proportion to the amount of radiation exposure received. |
Which chemical functions as the sensing material in a thermoluminescent dosimeter? | Lithium fluoride |
During routine radiographic procedures, when a protective apron is not being worn, the primary personnel dosimeter should be attached to the clothing on the front of the body where? | Collar level to approximate the maximum radiation dose to the thyroid and the head and neck. |
During diagnostic imaging procedures, how should the radiation dose to the abdomen of a pregnant radiographer be monitored during gestation? | It should be obtained from a second radiation monitor worn at abdominal level. |