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Chapter9
Exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Concepts | enables us to recognize objects and events and to make inferences about their properties.“ “What is a cat?” If your answer is that a cat is an animal that is furry, meows, moves, and eats mice, you will have described your concept of “cat |
| Prototype | is a “typical” member of the category- tHINK BIRDS |
| Prototypicality | : The degree to which an item is an exemplar of the category of which it is a member. |
| Exemplars | Thus, a sparrow is similar to many bird exemplars, so it is classified faster than a penguin, which is similar to few bird exemplars. same as the idea of family resemblance, described for prototypes, “better” objects will have higher family resemblance |
| Node | node is either a connection point, a redistribution point, or a communication endpoint. |
| The semantic network model | It is a hierarchical model, because it consists of levels arranged so that more specific concepts, such as “canary” and “salmon,” are at the bottom, and more general concepts are at higher levels. |
| Collins and Quillian's semantic network approach | . The network consists of nodes that are connected by links. Each node represents a category or concept, and concepts are placed in the network so that related concepts are connected. In addition, a number of properties are indicated for each concept. |
| The lexical decision task | subjects read stimuli, some of which are words and some of which are not words. Their task is to indicate as quickly whether each entry is a word or a nonword. For example, the correct responses for bloog would be “no” and for bloat would be “yes.” |
| Connectionist network | The circles are units. These units are inspired by the neurons found in the brain. As we will see, concepts and their properties are represented in the network by the pattern of activity in these unit |
| Graceful degredation | information in the network is distributed across many units, damage to the system does not completely disrupt its operation. This property, in which disruption of performance occurs only gradually as parts of the system are damaged |
| Gallese and colleagues (1996) experiment | because the neuron’s response to watching the experimenter grasp an object is similar to the response that occurs when the monkey is performing the action itself |
| Spreading activation | is activity that spreads out along any link that is connected to an activated node. For example, moving |
| Priming | occurs when presentation of one stimulus facilitates the response to another stimulus that usually follows closely in time |
| Exemplars | are actual members of the category that a person has encountered in the past. |
| The semantic network model | he network consists of nodes that are connected by links. Each node represents a category or concept, and concepts are placed in the network so that related concepts are connected. In addition, a number of properties are indicated for each concept. |
| Connectionism | is an approach to creating computer models for representing cognitive processes |
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luzdeluna
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