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Quiz 2 Flashcards
The Student's Guide to Cognitive Neuroscience (WARD) CH5-11, 14, 15
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| I am unable to identify familiar people by looking at their faces. I have ____. | Prosopagnosia or face-blindness |
| I am able to identify familiar people, but I don't think they are really who they look like. This is due to injury. I have _____. | Capgras |
| I have damage in the fusiform gyrus, or the fusiform face area. What is the resulting condition called? | Prosopagnosia or face-blindness |
| When I see faces, I do not have an emotional response, which could be an explanation for not recognizing them as who they are. I have ___. | Capgras (breakdown of the connections between the limbic system and temporal lobe may be an explanation) |
| When I see faces, I do have an emotional response, even though I don't recognize them I may know that I know them. I have ____. | Prosopagnosia or face-blindness (damage to the FFA does not mean that the face stimuli is cut off to the limbic system, the face is simply "jumbled") |
| I am a tumor that has finger-like projections. I am difficult to remove. I am a/an ______ tumor. | Infiltrated |
| I am a tumor that has defined edges and a defined shape. I am easier to remove. I am a/an ____ tumor. | Encapsulated |
| For Alzheimer's, two major molecular changes discussed in class are ___ and ___. The proteins associated with both are altered from their normal function. | Tau tangles (long filaments) and Amyloid Plaques (sharp fragments) |
| One of the first symptoms of Alzheimer's is | losing one's way. Not being able to navigate. Memory loss. |
| Top-down brain regions in order are: | Frontal Lobe, Parietal Lobe, Temporal Lobe, Occipital Lobe |
| Bottom-up brain regions in order are: | Occipital Lobe, Temporal Lobe, Parietal Lobe, Frontal Lobe |
| Top-down is | most complex to least complex |
| Bottom-up is | least complex to most complex |
| What is selective attention? | Conscious, willful direction of attention to a particular stimuli, notably with sustained focus. Making a decision or selection to attend. |
| In your eye, I detect color. I am a ____. | Cone (C is for Color, C is for Cones) |
| In your eye, I detect movement. I am a ____. | Rod (R is for Running, R is for Rods) |
| Steps in the Dorsal Visual Pathway | V1 - V2 - V3 - MT - MST - Parietal Lobe (remember that the parietal lobe is on top and is more complex -> Think "M is for More Complex", MT, MST) |
| Steps in the Ventral Visual Pathway | V1 - V2 - V3 - V4 - IT - Temporal Lobe (remember that the temporal lobe is on bottom and is less complex -> Think "I is for Inferior" and less complex, IT) |
| Steps from the Eye to the Occipital Lobe | Retina - Optic Nerve - Optic Chiasm - Optic Tract - LGN - Optic Radiation - Primary Visual Cortex (V1, occipital lobe) |
| You see a picture of a face upside down and it looks ok, even though the mouth is inverted. When turned upright, it looks really bad. This is called: | The Inversion Effect or the Margaret Thatcher Illusion |
| Change Blindness | A normal process of the brain that allows us to ignore irrelevant changes in the environment (color of shirt) Enhanced by task switching (multitasking) |
| Inattentional Blindness | A normal process of the brain that allows us to ignore things we are not focused on (gorilla in a basketball game) Remember the attention spotlight |
| Simultanagnosia | A result of brain damage, the inability to detect two simultaneous stimuli. For example, two fingers wiggling will look like only one finger wiggling. |
| Balint's Syndrome | Caused by bilateral parietal damage, includes 3 sub symptoms: ataxia, optic apraxia, simultanagnosia |
| Hemispatial Neglect | Lack of awareness of vision, hearing, or other perception relation to an individual's orientation to a specific region, eyes do not move to that region |
| Blindsight | Lack of awareness of vision only, that includes the entire visual field for one or both eyes, which will move into any area of the visual field |
| Bottom-up attention is | Attention-grabbing, implicit, from the parietal lobe (someone waving and yelling at you is an example), "surprise attention" |
| Top-down attention is | Effortful, explicit, from the frontal lobe (concentrating on a test is an example) "decision-based attention" |
| Pseudoneglect | The natural tendency to favor the left side due to right parietal dominance, example of entrance on a stage for dramatic effect (left - bold, right - quiet) |
| Visual Extinction | a less severe type of visual neglect where a person can only attend to items serially (presented individually) see simultanagnosia |
| What hemisphere is more likely to be damaged in hemispatial neglect? | More often the inferior right parietal lobe |
| Ungerleider and Mishkin | What and Where pathways |
| Milner and Goodale | Where and How pathways |
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