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Chapter 18
DHS PS Ch. 18 - Chemical Bonds (2015/2016)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This is composed of symbols and subscripts indicating the number of atoms of an element in a compound? | chemical formula |
| Atoms will form compounds when the compound is more _______ than separate atoms? | stable |
| Why are noble gases more chemically stable than other elements? | because they have a complete outer energy level |
| What is the force that holds atoms together in a compound? | chemical bond |
| When a substance formed from two or more elements in which the exact combination and proportion of elements is always the same it is called? | a compound |
| What tells what elements a compound contains and the exact number of the atoms of each element in a unit? | chemical formula |
| The green coating on the Statue of Liberty and some old pennies is a result of? | a chemical change called copper sulfate |
| What happens to elements' individual properties when they combine to form compounds? | compounds have properties that are not anything like those of individual elements |
| What does subscript mean? | written below |
| What does a subscript indicate? | how many atoms of that element are in a unit of the compound |
| How do atoms form compounds? | The electric forces between oppositely charged electrons the other nucleus hold compounds and molecules together and thus are the forces that cause compounds to form. |
| Why do noble gases rarely form compounds? | becasue they each have a complete outer energy level already |
| When is an atom chemically stable? | when its outer energy level is complete |
| Atoms with partially stable outer energy levels have 3 options to obtain a stable outer energy level, what are they? | they can lose, gain, or share electrons |
| What happens to the inner energy level when outer electrons are removed? | a complete inner energy level is revealed |
| When an element combines with another element, its indvidual properties? | are given up and new properties are formed |
| What holds compounds together? | attractive force between electrons and the nucleus or the electric force between oppositely charged particles such as ions |
| What is the maximum number of electrons that Hydrogen and Helium can hold in their outer energy levels? | 2 |
| Chemical compounds are ___________? | more stable than their individual elements |
| The smallest piece of matter that retains the property of the element is called a ___________? | atom |
| An atom that has lost or gained electrons is called an _________? | ion |
| The force of attraction between the opposite charges of the ions in an ionic compound is called an ____________? | ionic bond |
| An attraction between atoms when they share electrons is called a ______________? | covalent bond |
| A neutral particle that forms as a result of electron sharing is called a _________ ? | molecule |
| An overall neutral molecule that has a slightly positive and negative is called a _________? | polar molcule |
| A molecule in which electrons are shared equally in bonds is called a __________? | nonpolar molecule |
| Atoms lose or gain electrons to meet what standard _________? | a stable energy level |
| Some of the most common compounds are made by the loss and gain of just ____ electron(s)? | 1 |
| What does superscript mean? | written above |
| What is indicated in the superscript position? | it indicates the atom's charge |
| When an atom loses an electron, what charge does it become? | 1+ |
| When an atom gains an electron, what charge does it become? | 1- |
| What is the resulting charge on the compound fomred between two charged ions? | a neutral compound |
| What happens in an ionic bond? | a transfer of electrons takes place |
| Ionic bonds usually are formed by bonding between? | metals and nonmetals |
| What are 2 properties of ionic compounds? | they often form crystalline solids with high melting points, and conduct electricity and heat well |
| The result of an ionic bond is a? | compound |
| The result of a covalent bond is a? | molecule |
| How many electrons are shared in a single covalent bond? | 2 or 1 pair |
| How many pairs of electrons are shared in a double bond? | 2 pair |
| How many pairs of electrons are shared in a triple bond? | 3 pair |
| What does the term polar mean? | have opposite ends |
| Compare and contrast polar and nonpolar molecules: | they are both the result of covalent bonds. Polar molecules have slightly oppositely charged ends wile nonpolar molecules do not. |
| NaCl is the chemical formula for what? | sodium chloride |
| What do both polar and nonpolar molecules have in common? | covalent bonds |
| In a covalent bond, electrons are? | shared |
| What kind of a charge does an ionic compound carry? | neutral |
| Francium, which is in the same chemical family as sodium, will carry what type of charge? | positive |
| The atom that contains the fewest electrons is? | hydrogen |
| The iodine ion carries what type of charge? | 1- charge |
| In sodium chloride, which atom loses an electron? | sodium |
| When elements form bonds, it changes their? | chemical and physical properties |
| What is an anion? | a negatively charged ion |
| What is a cation? | a positvely charged ion |
| What is a binary compound? | a compound composed of two elements |
| What is an oxidation number? | a number that tells you how many electrons an a tom has lost, gained, or shared to become stable. |
| What is a polyatomic ion? | a positively or negatively charged, covalently bonded group of atoms |
| Define hydrate: | a compound that has water chemically attached to its ions and written into its chemical formula |
| Who were alchemists? | scientist who tried to make gold from other elements |
| What is the roman numeral 1? | I |
| What is the roman numeral for 2? | II |
| What is the roman numeral for 3? | III |
| What is the roman numeral for 4? | IV |
| What is the roman numeral for 5? | V |
| What is the roman numeral for 6? | VI |
| Even though compounds are made from charged ions, the compound itself is? | neutral |
| What does the term hydrate mean? | water |
| What does the term anhydrous mean? | without water |
| How is a covalent molecule named? | Use the greek prefix to indicate the number of atoms involved |
| An atom that has gained or lost electrons is called an? | ion |
| What tells what elements make up a compound and the ratios of the atoms of those elements? | chemical formula |
| A molecule that has a positive end and a negative end is what type of molecule? | polar |
| What type of bond forms between atoms when they share electrons? | covalent |
| A positive or negative number that is assigned to an element to show its combining ability in a compound is an? | oxidation number |
| A compound that is composed of only two elements is a? | binary compound |
| A group of atoms with a positive or negative charge is a? | polyatomic ion |
| A compound that has water chemically attached to its ions is a? | hydrate |
| The force of attraction between the opposite charges of the ions in an ionic compound is a? | ionic bond |
| What is formed when atoms gain, lose, or share electrons? | chemical bond |
| True or False: Compounds have properties unlike those of their elements? | True |
| True or False: In a chemical formula, a subscript tells how many atoms of an element are in a unit of a compound? | True |
| True or False: A chemical bond occurs when atoms lose, gain, or share electrons? | True |
| True or False: Because each noble gas has an outer energy level that is completely filled with electrons these elements form chemical bonds easily? | False |
| True or False: Compounds containing polyatomic ions can have both ionic and covalent bonds? | True |
| True or False: A covalent bond is the force of attraction between the opposite charges of the ions in an ionic compound? | False |
| True or False: Neutral particles formed as a result of covalent bonding are called molecules? | True |
| True or False: An element that loses electrons when bonding with other atoms has a negative oxidation number? | False |
| True or False: When writing the formula of a compound, the symbol of the element with the positive oxidation number comes first? | True |
| What is the difference between carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide? | carbon monoxide has only one oxygen atom while carbon dioxide has two oxygen atoms. |
| What is the correct name for NH₄NO₃? | Ammonium Nitrate |
| NaF is what type of compound? | binary ionic compound |
| What is the name of the neutral particle that forms as a result from atoms sharing electrons? | molecule |
| Compounds that are hydrates contain what ingredient? | water |
| What tells you how many electrons an atom has gained, lost, or shared to become stable? | oxidation number |
| For an ion, the oxidation number is? | the same as the charge on the ion |
| What is the name of CuO? | Copper (II) Oxide |
| When an atom loses electrons, it? | becomes more positive |
| A binary cmpound made with phosphorus will end with the word? | phosphide |
| What is the name of MgS? | Magnesium Sulfide |
| What is the name of KBr? | Potassium Bromide |
| What is the name of BaCl₂? | Barium Chloride |
| What kind of chemical bond is formed when a metal donates electrons to a nonmetal? | ionic |
| In sodium chloride, which atom loses an electron? | sodium |
| A compound is? | a combination of two or more elements resulting from a transfer of electrons. |
| In a covalent bond, electrons are _________ . | shared |
| How many electrons are shared in a triple bond? | three pairs |
| When an atom's outer energy levels are not filled completely, the atom? | can gain, lose, or share electons |
| Why do the noble gases NOT form compound readily? | their outer energy levels are completely filled with electrons |
| When elements form bonds, it changes their? | chemical and physical properties |
| What is Argon's oxidation number? | 0 |
| What is Sulfur's oxidation number? | 2- |
| Most elements require how many electrons in the outer energy level? | 8 |
| A polyatomic ion is another name for what type of ion? | complex |
| What is the hame of a binary compound made up of lithium and chlorine? | lithium chloride |
| A covalent compound made of one sulfur and two oxygen atoms would be named? | sulfur dioxide |
| In general, noble gases react with? | nothing |
| In a chemical formula, the number of each type of atom in the compound is shown by numbers called? | subscripts |
| A group of covalently bonded atoms that acts together as one charge atom is a? | polyatomic ion |
| What is Beryllium's oxidation number? | 2+ |
| The sum of the oxidation numbers in a neutral compound is always? | zero |
| The oxidation number of an atom is shown with a ________ . | superscript |
| How many electrons are needed in the outer energy levels of most atoms for the atom to be chmically stable? | 8 |
| Name the molecule formed between Magnesium and Flourine | Magnesium Flouride |
| Ca(OH)2 is called | Calcium Hydroxide |
| Fe2(SO4)3 is called | Iron (III) Sulfate |
| AuF3 is called | Gold (III) Flouride |
| Calcium Hydroxide is written as | Ca(OH)2 |
| Iron (II) Nitrate is written as | Fe(NO3)2 |
| Ammonium Sulfide is written as | (NH4)2S |
| Carbon Dioxide | CO2 |
| Pentasulfur Monobromide | S5Br |
| Trinitrogen Monosulfide | N3S |
| SO2 | Sulfur Dioxide |
| Br2O5 | Dibromine Pentoxide |
| CCl4 | Carbon Tetrachloride |
| Group 1's oxidation number | 1+ |
| Group 2's oxidation number | 2+ |
| Group 13's oxidation number | 3+ |
| Group 14's oxidation number | 4+ |
| Group 15's oxidation number | 3- |
| Group 16's oxidation number | 2- |
| Group 17's oxidation number | 1- |
| Group 18's oxidation number | 0 |
| Transistion element's oxidation number | Indicated by the roman numeral |
| Greek prefix for 1 | mono- |
| Greek prefix for 2 | di- |
| Greek prefix for 3 | tri- |
| Greek prefix for 4 | tetra- |
| Greek prefix for 5 | penta- |
| Greek prefix for 6 | hexa- |
| Greek prefix for 7 | hepta- |
| Greek prefix for 8 | octa- |
| Greek prefix for 9 | nona- |
| Greek prefix for 10 | deca- |
| Acetate | C₂H₃O₂⁻ |
| Ammonium | NH₄⁺ |
| Bromate | BrO₃⁻ |
| Carbonate | CO₃²⁻ |
| Hypochlorite | ClO⁻ |
| Chlorate | ClO₃⁻ |
| Chromate | CrO₄²⁻ |
| Dichromate | Cr₂O₇²⁻ |
| Cyanide | CN⁻ |
| Hydroxide | OH⁻ |
| Iodate | IO₃⁻ |
| Nitrate | NO₃⁻ |
| Oxalate | C₂O₄²⁻ |
| Permanganate | MnO₄⁻ |
| Phosphate | PO₄³⁻ |
| Pyrophosphate | P₂O₇⁴⁻ |
| Sulfite | SO₃²⁻ |
| Sulfate | SO₄²⁻ |
| Thiosulfate | S₂O₃²⁻ |
| Tungstate | WO₄²⁻ |
Created by:
basmith
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