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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ----- is frequent need to void during the night whereas ------- is incontinence while sleep | nocturia; enuresis |
| which of the following is/are considered to be parts of the nephron? | nephron, renal tubules, peritubular capillaries |
| the functional unit of the kidney is | bowmans capsule |
| the movement of water, waste and useful substances from the glomerulus to Bowmans capsule is described as | glomerular filtration |
| this movement is made by the principle of | filtration |
| in the healthy kidney, which of the following substances are found in the renal tubule after tubular reabsorption | water and waste |
| in the healthy kidney which of the following substances are found in bowmans capsules after glomerular filtration | water, waste, and some useful substances |
| which of the following is another term fo a "bladder suspension and fixation" | Marshall-Marchetti |
| in renal failure the kidney no longer filters the blood and waste products are then excreted through other areas such as the----- we find symptoms of ------- | skin, uremic frost |
| the danger of conditions such as severe hypotension, nephrosclerosis, chronic glomerulonephritis, is that they can all lead to | renal failure |
| the movement of water and useful materials from the convoluted tubule back to the peritubular capillary is termed | tubular reabsorption |
| the cluster of capillaries which is surrounded by bowmans capsule is termed | glomerulus |
| the thinned walled tubule which collects water waste from this cluster it | bowmans capsule |
| anatomically the nephron bulb (glomerulus, bowmans capsule) is part of the | cortex |
| anatomically the collecting tubule is part of the | medulla |
| which of the following structures carries "urine" material and eventually drains into the renal pelvis | bowmans capsule |
| which of the following structures carries blood and will ultimately drain into the renal vein | glomerulus |
| through what process does necessary fluid return to circulation | tubular reabsorption |
| through what process do toxic waste materials and excess water leave circulation | glomerular filtration |
| which of the following indicates the minimum urine output for a healthy kidney per day | 1500ml |
| through which of the following routes is/are water/waste also expelled from the body | stool, skin, respiration |
| which of the following are abnormal constituents of urine | albumin, glucose |
| which of the following substances would be found in the blood carried by the afferent arteriole | waste (urea), excess water, blood cells |
| which of the following substances would be found in the blood carried by the efferent arteriole | blood cells |
| which of the following is necessary for glomerular filtration to occur | adequate blood pressure |
| which of the following hormones play a major role in regulation of fluid balance by the kidney | ADH |
| if sodium (salt) retention is increased it may be assumed that | water retention will be decreased |
| the "void reflex" of a normal bladder will be stimulated when amount of urine in the bladder reaches | 300-350 ml |
| because of its ability to expand, the normal bladder may hold up to or more than | 800ml |
| which of the following are characteristics of the ureters | peristaltic, approximately 10" long, have valves |
| in which of the following regions/cavities is the bladder found | pelvic cavity |
| in which of the following cavities/regions are the kidneys found | R/L upper quadrants R/L hypochondriac, region, pelvic cavity |
| the renal tubule may be subdivided into | proximal/distal tubule and loop of henle |
| which of the following structures play a major role in glomerular filtration | bowmans capsule and glomerulus |
| which of the following structures play a major role in tubular reabsorption | renal tubule and peritubular capillary |
| increased amount of nitrogenous salts and urea in the blood is termed | azotemia |
| which of the following terms describes involuntary urination during coughing and/or sneezing and/or laughing | stress incontinence |
| which of the following terms describes a bladder that has lost its sensation and contractility because of nerve damage from injury or prolonged catheterization | neurogenic bladder |
| which of the following procedures is done for the disorder | marshall-marchetti and bladder suspension |
| which of the following disorders involve a back-up of fluid (urine)into the renal pelvis | hydronephrosis |
| which of the following terms describes a kidney that tends to be displaced dowmwards | nephroptosis |
| which of the following is a non-infectious inflammation of the glomerulus and nephron leading to their degeneration, fluid retention and lack of proper filtration | glomerulonephritis |
| which of the following is an infectious inflammation of the glomerulus and nephron caused by a strep bacteria | glomerulonephitis |
| ureteral colic would be a symptom of which of the following conditions | ureteral calculi |
| which of the following terms describes a total suppression or lack of urine due to renal failure or blockage of the urinary tract | anuria |
| which of the following terms describes an accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces, commonly caused by renal disease | edema |
| which of the following terms describes a condition in which the urethra of the male becomes obstructed, due to the enlargement of the gland which encircles it | begnign prostatic hypertrophy |
| which of the following is a procedure done to correct the benign prostatic hypertrophy | trans urethral resection |
| which of the following terms describe the hardening and narrowing of the glomerulus and arteriole, leading to their degeneration | nephrosclerosis |
| list the following veins in order | 1. renal artery 2. afferent arteriole 3. glomerulus 4.peritubular capillary 5. renal vein |
| list the following in the correct sequence | 1. bowmans capsule 2 convoluted tubule 3. collecting tubes 4. renal pelvis 5. ureter |
| which of the following are removed from the blood to the convoluted tubule during tubular secretion | hydrogen, creatinine, and drugs |
| which of the following procedures is often performed for nephrolithiasis | lithotrispy |
| which of the following treatments for renal failure provide cleansing of the blood of metabolic wastes through a machine with catheters in patient veins | hemodialysis |
| which of the following treatments for renal failure provide cleansing of the blood of metabolic waste through a tube inserted into the abdominal cavity with dialysate solution draining in and sometime later the fluid w/ waste draining out by gravity | peritoneal dialysis |
| dysuria, oliguria, frequency, urgency and nocturia are frequently seen in symptoms of | BPH |
| dysuria | difficult urination |
| oliguria | difficult, scanty urine output |
| polyuria | excessive urine output |
| hematuria | presence of blood in the urine |
| uremia | presence of urine materials in the blood |
| anuria | absence of urine formation |
| which of the following is the term used for the upper, smaller chamber of the heart | artria |
| which of the following is the term used for the lower , larger chambers of the heart | ventricle |
| which of the following is the term used to describe the sac which encloses the heart | pericardium |
| which of the following is a branch of the aorta and feeds the cardiac muscle | coronary arteries |
| which of the following is characterized by midsternal chest pain with left arm pain which is provoked by exertion and relieved by rest | angina pectoris |
| intense, constrictive cardiac pain, sometimes with diaphoresis, nausea leading to tissue ischemia, injury and death is a definition of | myocardial infarction |
| use of and electrical defibrillator to convert the cardiac rhythm to normal is | defibrillate |
| which of the following is not one of the cardiac layers | endometrium |
| --------- blood is carried from the lungs to the LA through the ______ | oxygenated; pulmonary veins |
| --------- blood is carried from the RV to the lungs via the | deoxygenated pulmonary artery |
| -------- blood is carried from the system to the RA through the | deoxygenated; vena cava |
| -------- blood is carried to the system from the LV through the | oxygenated; aorta |
| the -------- lie/lies between the RA and RV | tricuspid |
| the --------- lie/lies at the junction of the aorta and LV | semilunar valve |
| the ------ lie/lies between the LA and LV | mitral valve |
| the mitral valve is the same as | the bicuspid valve |
| arteries have 3 layers the external is called, the middle is called, and the inner is called | externia, media, intima |
| which of the following terms describes hardening and narrowing of the arteries | arteriosclerosis |
| which of the following terms describes the deposit of fatty plaques along the aterial intima, causing a narrowed lumen | atherosclerosis |
| which of the following is a direct effect of the two conditions of arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis | hypotension |
| which of the following diseases is a characterized by spasm of the peripheral vessels of the fingers and toes; thereby causing ischemia of these area | Raynauds disease |
| the period of heart contraction is called-------- the period of heart relaxation is called------- | systole and diastole |
| which of the following comprise the conduction system | SA node, Av node, bundle of his and branches, purkinjie system |
| which of the following are major characteristics of veins | thin walls, low pressure valves |
| which are the major characteristic of arteries | thick walls, high pressure, no valves |
| arteries always carry blood ---- heart and usually have--- blood; veins always carry blood----- and have ------- blood | away from oxygenated; to deoxygenated |
| as the blood leaves the heart it is carried by-----, which branch off into----. which lead to the --- where gaseous exchange takes place | arteries. arterioles, capillaries |
| as the blood leaves the------(where it picks up carbon dioxide) it is carried by tiny vessels called ------ and gradually they branch into larger vessels--------- | capillaries, venules, and veins |
| in systemic capillaries, as the blood enters it drops off------ into the tissue and picks up------- | oxygen, carbon dioxide |
| in the pulmonary capillaries , the situation is the exact opposite. As the blood enters from the heart it drops off ------ and picks up----- before returning | carbon dioxide, oxygen |
| which of the following terms describes "a sudden failure of circulation" | shock |
| abnormal cardiac sounds that are caused by a structural disorder | organic heart murmur |
| a common sound frequently heard in young women and children that causes no difficulties | functional heart murmur |
| a congenital heart disease and consists of a group of four specific structural abnormalities occurring together | tetralogy of fallot |
| ------- is a narrowing of the vessel lumen and ---- ia a widening of the vessel | vasoconstriction; vasodilation |
| asystole | absence of heart contraction |
| anasarca | massive edema of thoracic cavity |
| bradycardia | heart rate of less than 60 |
| tachycardia | heart rate of more than 100 |
| palpitation | fluttering feeling & pounding in chest |
| varicose veins | swollen damaged veins |
| acrocyanosis | bluish tinge color of extremities |
| claudication | ischemia of lower extremities |
| aneurysm | weakened, bulging, wall of artery |
| hemorrhoids | swollen damaged veins of the rectum |
| echocardiograph | record of heart sounds |
| Doppler testing | study of blood flow |
| phonocardiography | record of heart sounds |
| electrocardiography | record of heart currents |
| angiography | study of vessels using dye |
| carotid | supplies head/ found at neck |
| subclavin | supplies upper extremities |
| popliteal | supplies calf/found at back of the knee |
| radial | supplies hand/thumb side of wrist |
| mesenteric | supplies intestines |
| vena cava | largest vein of the body, drains into RA |
| jugular | drains head |
| median basilic | routinely used for venipuncture |
| saphenous | drains foot, calf & thigh; longest vein of body |
| azygos | drains chest wall |
| the function of the respiratory system is to obtain----to be picked up by the blood from the ------ | oxygen; alveoli |
| Which of the following is described as divided passageways lined with the hair and mucus membrane? | nose |
| Which of the following extend out from behind the nose and sometimes become inflamed and congested? | Nasal Cavities |
| Which of the following are hollow areas of the skull bones which are highly susceptible to infection? | paranasal sinuses |
| Which of the following are responsible for the sense of smell? | olfactory cells |
| Which of the following is a combination of the throat and nasal cavities? | Nasopharynx |
| Which of the following extend from the walls of the pharynx and connect the respiratory system to the middle ear? | Eustachian Tubes |
| Which of the following organs is also called the windpipe and is made of cartilage and muscle? | trachea |
| The ____ is the organ of speech and speech is produced by the air from the lungs flowing over the ______ | larynx; vocal cords |
| Which of the following cover the trachea when swallowing to prevent aspiration? | Epiglottis |
| During aspiration, food/liquid enters ___ instead of the _____ | trachea; esophagus |
| Which of the following terms describes the initial two branches of the trachea? | bronchi |
| Which of the following enters or exits the lung at the hilum? | bronchi |
| Which of the following are considered to be part of the lung? | Alveoli, bronchioles and the bronchial tubes |
| Which of the following is/are the initial branches of the bronchi? | Bronchial tubes |
| Which of the following leads directly to the alveoli? | Terminal Bronchioles |
| During inhalation oxygen is drawn into the alveoli; during exhalation co2 is expelled from them; the co2 was dropped off here from the ___ which came from the _____ | Pulmonary artery; heart |
| Which of the following terms describes the space between the two lungs? | Mediastinum |
| Which of the following terms describes the lining which adheres to the lung? | Visceral pleura |
| Which of the following is responsible for the spread syndrome: that causes URI's? | Mucus membrane lining |
| The diaphragm is a dome-shaped organ which causes inhalation when it ___, doing so in response to a message sent by the ___, and carried by the _____. | Contracts; medulla; phrenic nerve |
| Which of the following is mainly responsible for the stimulation of the brain respiration? | Carbon Dioxide level of the blood |
| Which of the following terms describes an inflammation of the lung? | Pneumonitis |
| Which of the following conditions causes the alveoli to become thin, dilated, useless? | Asthma and emphysema |
| Which of the following is caused by swelling of the trachea; difficulty in expiration and wheezing? | Asthma |
| Which of the following is an infection of the alveoli and bronchioles; causing formation of exudate, which blocks these areas? | Pneumonia |
| Which of the following conditions is extremely communicable, caused by a pathogen traveling to the alveoli where it forms a tubercle, destroying this tissue, and seems to be increasing in current society? | tuberculosis |
| Irregularly fast, slow, shallow, deep respirations with total shoulder movement and at least a 20 second period of apnea; this describes | Cheyne-stokes respirations |
| Which of the following therms describes the inability to breath lying down? | orthopnea |
| Which of the following terms is used to describe the condition of increased CO2 in the cells with a drastic decrease in the O2 as well and is sometimes described as suffocation? | asphyxia |
| Which of the following conditions is simply an upper respiratory infection caused by a virus and frequently involves stomach and GI upset? | Influenza |
| The orthopneic position is: | sitting up at a 90 degree angle |
| A patient with emphysema has which of the following symptoms | CO2 trapped in alveoli and barrel-chest appearance |
| Lobar pneumonia is a serious condition because of its involvement of | alveoli of an entire lobe |
| circum-oral cyanosis is | A bluish tinge around the mouth |
| Which of the following procedures would be preformed to correct a deviated septum? | Rhinoplasty |
| Which of the following terms describes a collapse of the lung? | atelectasis |
| Which of the following describes air in the pleural cavity? | pneumothorax |
| Which of the following terms describes pus in the pleural cavity? | Empyema |
| Emphysema, CWP, and black lung disease are all forms of: | COPD |
| Which of the following disorders causes formation of a membrane in the pharynx and respiratory tract causing swelling of the pharynx? | Diphtheria |
| Which of the following is also termed whopping cough? | pertussis |
| Which of the following is an infection and thickening of the fluid separating the parietal and visceral pleura? | Pleural effusion |
| Which of the following terms describes abnormal rattling sounds(usually from mucus in the airways) heard during auscultation of the lung? | Rales |
| Which of the following terms Is used to describe a head cold? | Coryza |
| Ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal and maxillary are the four: | Paranasal sinuses |
| Dyspnea | Difficult breathing |
| Apnea | temporary cessation of breathing |
| Hyperpnea | abnormally deep and rapid respirations |
| Bradypnea | slow respiration |
| Tachypnea | rapid responses |
| anoxia | absence of or severe lack of oxygen |
| hypoxia | lack of air or proper amount of O2 |
| asphyxia | increased CO2, decreases O2 in cells |
| ischemia | tissue lack of O2 caused by decreased blood |
| hyperventilation | extremely shallow respiration, may be rapid |
| tidal volume | 500cc. (normal breath- inhalation) |
| vital capacity | 4800 cc (max. exhaled after max. inhaled) |
| residual volume | 1200 cc (amount of air left after exhalation) |
| total lung capacity | 6000cc (inhalation and exhalation |
Created by:
t4achange
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