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chapter 6 human pers
cell metabolism
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| metabolism | all the chemical reactions occurring in a living organism |
| catabolism | chemical reactions that break down large organic molecules into smaller ones, with the release of energy. |
| anabolism | the process of combining small molecules to make larger ones, requires energy, also know as synthesis |
| organic compounds | substances that have large molecules and contain carbon |
| carbohydrates | organic molecules that are the main source of energy for cells |
| inorganic | not containing carbon, or having small molecules |
| enzymes | an organic substance (usually a protein) that increases the speed of chemical changes without being altered |
| monosaccharides | simple sugars or single unit sugars. |
| dissaccharides | two simple sugars joined together maltose, lactose, sucrose |
| polysaccarides | large number of simple sugars joined together, glycogen, starch |
| protein | very large organic molecules made up of amino acids |
| lipids | large organic molecules made up of fatty acids and gycerol |
| nucleic acid | very large molecules containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus |
| activation energy | the energy required to get a reaction started |
| substrate | a molecule upon which an enzyme acts |
| co-factors | the ions or inorganic molecules required by enzymes to catalyst a reaction |
| co-enzymes | non-protein organic molecules that are essential for the functioning of an enzyme |
| enzyme inhibitors | a substance that slows or stops an enzyme's activity |
| cellular respiration | the chemical reaction that make energy available for the cell; |
| adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | a molecule that stores energy in cells, energy is stored in the bond between the end phosphate group |
| adenosine diphosphate (ADP) | the substance formed when the end phosphate group is removed from a molecule of ATP |
| glycolysis | the break down of a glucose molecule to pyruvic acid; releases energy to form 2 molecules of adenosine triphosphate. |
| anaerobic respiration | respiration that does not require oxygen |
| oxygen debt | extra oxygen required after exercise in addition to the normal resting requirement; required to remove the lactic acid produced during exercise |
| recovery oxygen | the extra oxygen required to recover after exercise |
| aerobic respiration | respiration requiring oxygen to produce 34 ATP |
| Krebs cycle | The series of reactions that occur in the mitochondria during aerobic respiration, producing 34 ATP |
| electron transport chain | a series of chemical reactions occurring in the mitochondria of a cell whereby energy from carrier molecules is transferred to ATP for storage |
| nutrient | any substance in food that provides energy, is essential for growth or assists in functioning of the body |
| synthesis | a chemical reaction in which small molecules are joined to make larger molecules |
Created by:
keavyh1
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