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Chapter 4 Notes
Sensation and Perception
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sensation | The process by which stimulation of a sensory receptor gives rise to neutral impulses that result in an experience, or awareness, of conditions inside or outside the body. |
| Perception | The processes that organize information in the sensory image and interpret it as having been produced by properties of objects or events in the external, three-dimensional world. |
| Psychophysics | The study of the correspondence between physical stimulation and psychological experience. |
| Absolute Threshold | The minimum amount of physical energy needed to produce a reliable sensory experience operationally defined as the stimulus level at which a sensory signal is detected half the time. |
| Sensory Adaptation | A phenomenon in which receptor cells lose their power to respond after a period of unchanged stimulation; allows a more rapid reaction to new sources of information. |
| What is the function of the retina? | To convert information about the world from light waves into neutral signals. |
| What is the function of the rods? | Process light in near darkness |
| What is the function of the cones? | Process light in the bright, color-filled day |
| What is the function of the optic nerve? | Carry information from the eye toward the brain |
| What is the function of the visual cortex? | To process visual information |
| What is the difference between distal and proximal stimuli? | The distal stimili is the physical object in the world, distant from the observer and the proximal stimuli is the optical image on the retina which is proximate, or near to the observer. |
| Top-down Processing | Perceptual processes in which information from an individual's past experience, knowledge, expectations, motivations, and background influence the way a perceived object is interpreted and classified. |
| Bottom-up Processing | Perceptual analyses based on the sensory data available in the environment; results of analysis are passed upward toward more abstract representations. |
| Pain | The body's response to stimulation from harmful stimuli--those that are intense enough to cause tissue damage or threaten to do so. |
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tamucnursing
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