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Chapter 2 Notes
Research Methods in Psychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Naturalistic Observation | Naturally occurring behavior is viewed by a researcher, who makes no attempt to change or interfere with it. Example: one-way mirror |
| Laboratory Research | A researcher is unable to observe the long-term effects of one's natural habitat in shaping complex patterns of behavior. |
| Self-Report Measures | Verbal answers, either written or spoken, to questions the researcher poses. |
| When do psychologists use the correlation method? | When they want to determine to what extent two variables, traits or attributes are related. |
| Reliability | The consistency or dependability of behavioral data resulting from psychological testing or experimental research. |
| Validity | The information produced by research or testing accurately measures the psychological variable or quality it is intended to measure. |
| Hypothesis | A tentative and testable statement about the relationships between cause and consequences. |
| Independent Variable | A variable that the researcher manipulates with the expectation of having an impact on values of the dependent variable. |
| Control Group | Not subjected to independent variable; may receive placebo treatment. |
| Dependent Variable | A variable that the researcher measures to assess the impact of a variation in an independent variable. |
| Double-Blind Technique | Keeping both participants and experimental assistants unaware of which partipants have received which treatment. |
| Case Study | Intensive observation of a particular individual or small group of individuals. |
| Theory | An organized set of concepts that explains a phenomenon or set of phenomena. |
| Placebo Effect | A change in behavior in the absence of an experimental manipulation. |
| Observer Bias | An error due to the personal motives and expectations of the viewer. |
| How do researchers combat observer bias? | By standardizing procedures and using operational definitions. |
| How do researchers rule out alternate explanations? | By using appropriate control procedures. |
Created by:
tamucnursing
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