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Nails
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Manicure | Cosmetic service for care of the hands, which includes skin and nail care, cosmetic treatments and procedures, polishing techniques and artificial nail applications |
| Pedicure | Cosmetic care of the toenails and feet |
| Quaternary ammonium compounds | Aka Quats, is the standard name for disinfectants |
| Alcohol | Extremely flammable, colorless liquid that evaporates quickly |
| Sodium hypochlorite | Commonly known as bleach |
| Phenol | Strong, high pH disinfectant |
| Accelerated hydrogen peroxide | AHP, disinfectant based on stabilized hydrogen peroxide that is non toxic to the skin and environment. This type of disinfectant only needs to be changed every 14 days |
| Nail rasp | Metal tool that has a grooved edge, this tool is typically used for pedicures to smooth and file the free edge |
| Wooden pusher | Used to gently remove cuticle tissue away from the nail plate and clean under the free edge. Made from Orangewood, rosewood, or other hardwoods. Disposal alternatives for pushing back cuticles |
| Metal pusher | Used to gently scrap the cuticle from the natural nail, they are made of stainless steel and can be disinfected and reused |
| Onyx | Technical term for nails |
| Nail plate | Translucent portion of the nail, extending from the nail root to the free edge, sometimes referred to as the nail body |
| Free edge | Part of the nail plate that extends beyond the fingertip |
| Hyponychium | Skin between the free edge and fingertip of the natural nail |
| Nail bed | Portion of the skin that the nail plates rests upon as it grows out |
| Bed epithelium | Thin layer of skin cells between the nail bed and nail plate (sheets) |
| Cuticle | The small portion of non living epidermis extending around the base of the nail |
| Lunula | Whitish, half moon shape at the base of the nail |
| Matrix | Part of the nail bed that extends below the nail root and helps to produce the nail plate |
| Nail folds | Folds of normal skin that surround the natural plate |
| Nail sidewall | Aka Lateral nail fold, is the piece of skin that overlaps onto the side of the nail |
| Nail grooves | Sits or grooves on the sides of the nail that allow growth |
| Eponychium | Living skin at the base of the nail plate that partially overlaps the lunula |
| Perionychium | Additional or excessive skin that overlaps onto the sides of the nail plate |
| Agnail | Aka hangnail, is the split Cuticle around the nail |
| Bruised nail | Dark purplish discoloration under the nail caused by trauma |
| Eggshell nail | Noticeably thin, white nail plate that is more flexible than normal |
| Leukonychia | Aka white spots, whitish discoloration of the nails caused by injury |
| Melanoychia | Darkening of the nails caused by excess melanin, may be in a band or stripe |
| Nail psoriasis | Noninfectious condition that affects the surface of the natural nail, nail will appear pitted and or have roughness on the surface |
| Nail pterygium | Forward growth of living skin that adheres to the surface of the nail plate |
| Onychosis | General term for any nail disease or deformity |
| Onychocryptosis | Ingrown nail |
| Onychophangy | Bitten nails |
| Onychorrhexis | Abnormal brittleness of the nail plate |
| Ridge | Aka furrow, or corrugation, is a vertical or horizontal indentation running the length or width of the nail plate |
| Onychomycosis | Aka tinea unguium, is fungal infection that can occur on the bottom of the feet, as well as between the toes, which can spread to the toenails |
| Onychia | Inflammation of the nail matrix |
| Onycholysis | Loosening or separation, without shedding, of the nail plate from nail bed |
| Hummerus | Largest bone in the upper arm, extending from the shoulder to the elbow |
| Ulna | Inner and larger bone on the outside of the forearm, located on the pinky side |
| Radius | Outer and smaller bone on the inside of the forearm, located on thumb side |
| Carpals | 8 bones that forms wrist |
| Metacarpals | 5 long, thin bones between the wrist and fingers, forming thee palm of the hand |
| Phalanges | Aka digits, are the bones of the fingers or toes |
| Femur | Long bone extending from the hip to the knee, aka thigh bone |
| Patella | Technical term for kneecap |
| Tibia | Aka shin bone, is the largest of the two bones below the knee that forms the lower leg |
| Fibula | Bone forming the outer part of the lower leg, extending from the knee to the ankle |
| Gastrocnemius | Muscle located in the calf that pulls the foot down, attached to the lower portion of the heel |
| Micro trauma | Causing small unseen openings in the skin that allow for entry of pathogens |
| Tibialis anterior | Muscle that covers the shin and bends the foot |
| Soleus | Muscle that is attached to the lower heel and bends the foot down |
| Peroneus Longus | Longer of the two muscles responsible for rotating the foot down and out |
| Peroneus brevis | Shorter of the two muscles responsible for rotating the foot down and out |
| Tibialis posterior | Muscle that helps the foot flex inward |
| Flexor digiti minimi | Muscle that controls the little toe |
| Monomer | Liquid that mixes with the acrylic powder and binds the acrylic polymers to dorm a nail enhancement |
| Methyl Methacrylate | Aka MMA, type of monomer that is a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid compound. MMA polymerization readily and is used especially as a monomer for acrylic resin. It has a small molecule size and can penetrate body tissue or skin and possibly cause an A |
| Polymer | A concentrate or powder made up of acrylic powder that when mixed with a monomer forms a nail enhancement |
| Polymerization | The chemical reaction, aka curing or hardening, that creates polymers |
| Fabric wraps | Very thin and tightly woven materials such as linen, silk or fiberglass that are used to strengthen the natural nail or are applied over nail tips |
| Nail wrap resin | Used to adhere the fabric wrap to the natural nail or nail tip |
| Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene | a high quality virgin plastic, used to manufacture nail tips |
| Paronychia | Bacterial inflammation of the skin surrounding the nail plate |
| Lungs | Spongy, respiratory organs responsible for inhaling and exhaling |
| Pronator | Turns the arm and hand inward so the palm faces downward |
| Supinator | Turns the forearm and hand outward so the palm faces upward |
| Flexor muscle | Bends a joint |
| ABductor | Spreads fingers and toes |
| ADductor | Pulls the fingers or toes together |
| Opponens | Group of ADductor muscles located in the palm that pulls the thumb toward the fingers |
| Tarsal | 7 bones that forms the ankle |
| Metatarsal | Five long slender bones located between the ankles and the toes |
| Digital nerve | Nerves located in the fingers and toes |
| Median nerve | Smallest of the 3 arm and hand nerves, runs along the mid forearm and extends into the hands |
| Radial nerve | Nerve that runs along the thumb said of the arm and the back of the hand |
| Initiators | Substances that begin the process that starts the chain reaction, leading to very long polymer chains being created |
| Inhibition layer | The tacky, film like layer that forms on top of the nail enhancement |
| Position stop | Edge of the well that bumps up against the free edge of the natural nail |
| Stress area | Edge of the nail tip below the contact area that is the most vulnerable area, accepting everyday wear and tear |
| Primer | Liquid solution containing methacrylic acid that is applied sparingly to the natural nail plate prior to acrylic product application to assist in adhesion of the enhancement |
| Overlay | Any fabric wrap, uv cured gel or acrylic/sculptured nail that is applied to enhance and or strengthen the natural nail |
| Oligomers | Short polymer chains that consist of jus a few monomers, creating a thickened resin or a gel like substance |
| Urethane acrylate | Main ingredient used to create uv gel nail enhancements |
| Urethane methacrylate | Main ingredient used to create uv gel nail enhancements |
| Photoinitiators | The chemical that begins the polymerization process in gel nails |
| Cyanoacrylates | Specialized acrylic monomers that quickly polymerize with the addition of alcohol, water or any weak alkaline product to form an adhesive |
| Reflexology | Based on the use of reflex points located throughout the hands, feets, and head that are linked to other parts of the body |
| Ulnar nerve | Nerve that runs along the little finger side of the arm and the palm of the hand |
| Radial artery | Supplies blood to the thumb side of the arm and the back of the hand |
| Ulnar artery | Supplies blood to the little finger side of arm and the palm of the hand |
Created by:
lakeishah26
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