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Child Abuse Exam 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Child maltreatment | the abuse and/or neglect of children. Specific definitions vary by state and purpose |
| Child abuse | an act, generally deliberate, by a parent that results in harm or death to a child |
| child neglect | the failure of a parent to meet the minimal physical and psychological needs of a child |
| infanticide | the killing of an infant, particularly a newborn |
| tabula rasa | a blank slate; a mind that has not yet been affected by experiences or impressions |
| Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (SPCC) | s nonprofit organization that was founded in 1875 to protect children and strengthen their families. Offers mental health, legal, and educational services |
| Juvenile Court | a court established in 1899 to hear cases of dependency and juvenile delinquency |
| parens patriae | a Latin term meaning that the State acts on behalf of a child or mentally ill person. The State is the guardian for those who cannot protect themselves |
| PsycINFO | an electronic database produced by American Psychological Association that indexes the psychology literature |
| Children's Bureau | a division of Administration for Children and Families that is primarily concerned with child protection, child abuse prevention, foster care, and adoption within the US |
| National Clearinghouse on Child Abuse and Neglect | a national resource for professionals that provides information regarding child maltreatment including prevalence, incidence, treatment, statistics, and status |
| dispositional hearing | a hearing during which the judge enters their decision as to what is in the best interest of the child |
| retrospective design | a resource design that uses data based on recollections of past events This type of design is limited because of concerns about memory degradation over time |
| Child Protective Services | a government agency charged with protecting children and preserving families. This is the agency that responds to charges of child maltreatment. (DFS) (DSS) |
| longitudinal research | a research design that involves repeated observations of a group of participants at regular intervals over a relatively long time |
| poverty | a situation in which income and resources are inadequate to obtain and maintain an acceptable standard of living |
| socioeconomic status | a measure of a person's standing within a social group based on factors such as income and education |
| correlational research | a study in which two or more variables are measured so that the degree of relationship between them can be measured |
| experiment | a form of scientific research in which a researcher manipulates one or more variables in order to see the effects in another variable or variables |
| operational definitions | a precise definition of a variable in terms of observable procedures or measurements |
| disinhibition | a loss of the ability to restrain from or to suppress behaviors or impulses |
| psychotic | mental disorder marked by the loss of contact with reality; generally marked by delusions, hallucinations, or serious thought disturbance |
| intergenerational transmission | the passing down of a trait or behavior from one generation to the next |
| attachment | a strong, affectionate bond between two people. Infants typically form an attachment to their primary care giver between 6 and 12 months |
| domestic violence | violence, abuse, or intimidation that takes place in the context of an intimate relationship |
| socially isolated | lacking sufficient social ties or support |
| culture | the socially transmitted behaviors, arts, beliefs, and institutions that characterize a group of people |
| corporal punishment | physical punishment such as spanking and slapping |
| immunity (legal) | exception from civil or criminal liability or prosecution |
| abrogated | cancelled or annulled by official means or authority |
| permissive reporter | a person who is allowed, but not required, to report suspected child maltreatment |
| informed consent | the ethical requirement that participants voluntarily agree to take part in an experiment only after they have been told what their participation will entail |
| institutional review board | a group of professionals charged with determining whether the benefits of a proposed research project outweigh the potential costs to participants |
| National Child Abuse Hotline | 1-800-A-CHILD; a phone line that is staffed 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, by professional counselors who can answer questions about child maltreatment |
| perpetrator | a person who commits an offense or crime |
| misdemeanor | a crime that is less serious than a felony and is usually punished with a lesser penalty |
| malpractice | professional negligence; failure to exercise the minimal degree of care expected by professional standards |
| therapeutic relationship | the working alliance between a counselor and a patient |
| child physical abuse | an act by a caregiver that results in a nonaccidental injury to a child |
| bruising | injury in which capillaries are damaged, allowing blood to seep into the surrounding tissue; generally caused by striking or pressing that does not break the skin |
| fractures | the partial or complete break of bone or cartilage |
| shaken baby syndrome | a condition of severe internal bleeding, particularly around the brain or eyes, that is caused by violently shaking an infant or a young child |
| burns | injuries caused by fire, heat, or acid |
| impetigo | a contagious skin infection that is caused by blisters that erupt and cause crusts |
| Mongolian spot | a birthmark that is a smooth, flat, bluish-gray spot that looks like a bruise |
| osteogenesis imperfecta | a genetic disorder in which bones fracture easily |
| platelet aggregation disorder | a medical condition that occurs when platelets do not form plugs at injury sites |
| folk medicine | health practices that come from cultural traditions |
| Cao Gio | a Southeast Asian practice I which practitioner massages a heated ointment or oil on an ill child's neck, spine, and ribs and then runs a coin or spoon along the child's skin with firm, downward strokes |
| Caida de Mollera | a sunken anterior frontal (space between the bones in an infant's skull) that can be the result of severe illness, significant weight loss, or dehydration |
| interpersonal relationship | social association, connection and involvement between two people |
| aggression | behavior that is intended to cause harm or pain; a disposition to behave in a violent way even when not provoked |
| suicidal ideation | thoughts about suicide; plans to end one's life; may include suicide attempts |
| posttraumatic stress disorder | an anxiety disorder that occurs in response to experiencing extreme stress |
| Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) | a manual published by the American Psychiatric Association that lists the criteria for diagnosing mental disorders as well as provides info on causes, age on onset, gender differences, and prognosis |
| dysthymia | a chronic, mild depression that persists for more than 2 years |
| attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) | a mental disorder of characterized by a limited attention spa, overactivity, restlessness, and impulsivity |
| conduct disorder | a personality disorder of childhood marked by persistent disruptive behavior and repeated violation of the rights of others and of society norms |
| oppositional defiant disorder | a disruptive pattern of behavior in childhood that is characterized by defiance and disobedience as well as hostile behavior. |
| meconium | dark greenish-brown material that builds up in the digestive tract before birth; excretes as fecal matter after birth |
| metabolite | a product of metabolism |
| toxicology | the study of poisons and drugs and their effects |
| postnatal | occurring after birth |
| physical neglect | the failure to meet the minimal physical needs of the child |
| malnourished | having a medical condition caused by an improper or insufficient diet |
| child endangerment | placing a child in a situation that is potentially harmful |
| emotional neglect | the failure to meet a child's emotional needs |
| medical neglect | the failure to seek medical treatment or to provide treatment that has been prescribed |
| American Academy of Pediatrics | an organization of approximately 60,000 pediatricians dedicated to the health of all children |
| mental health neglect | the failure to seek help for a child's severe psychological problems or to comply with recommended therapeutic procedures |
| educational neglect | the failure to meet the legal requirements for school enrollment or attendance, or the lack of attention to special educational needs |
| abandonment | desertion; severing ties with and failing to support one's own child |
| resilent | being able to recover easily from difficult circumstances; the ability to bounce back and persevere; being able to adjust with misfortune; adaptable |
| nonorganix failure to thrive | a child's failing to reach normal milestones for physical growth when the child has no known organic disease |
| Strange situation task | a laboratory task designed to measure an infant's attachment to a caregiver |
| social referencing | reading another person's facial expressions in order to decide on an appropriate response |
| secure attachment | an infant's using a caregiver as a secure base from which to explore his or her surroundings |
| avoidant attachment | an insecure attachment style in which the infants tend to avoid or ignore their caregivers |
| resistant attachment | an insecure attachment style in which infants cling to their caregivers at times and resist closeness at others |
| language delays | the failure to develop language skills according to the usual timetable resulting in development that is significantly below the norm for a child of a given age |
| somatization | the expression psychological distress as physical symptoms |
| obsessive compulsions | the persistent intrusion of unwanted thoughts accompanied by ritualistic actions |
| phobic anxiety | worry about irrational fears |
| paranoid ideation | abnormal suspicion that is not based on facts |
| psychoticism | impaired contact with reality |
Created by:
cmfowler
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