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CH 11 Biopharmaceuat
Biopharmaceautic, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Biopharmaceautics | It is the understanding of how meds are produced and formulated. Design the drug to deliver medication so it has an optimal clinical effect |
| Pharmacokinetics | How meds are affected by the body- absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination |
| Pharmacodynamics | Therapeutic and adverse effects the meds exert on the body. What it does to body |
| ADME | Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination |
| For absorption to occur Drug must | Drug must disintegrate and then dissolve |
| Where are oral drugs absorbed? | Small intestine |
| 1st pass metabolism | Drugs that are metabolized or partially metabolized in the liver before absorbed into blood stream |
| There are 2 types of oral meds | Immediate release and sustained or controlled release |
| Controlled or sustained release should not be chewed or crushed because | They lose their slow acting affect. Now have a faster immediate effect. |
| Example of drug that comes in immediate and sustained release | Verapamil |
| What are ex. Of meds that can be sprinkled on food and maintain their slow acting release? | Omeprazole and Lansoprozole. The pellets in the capsule are coated so that they can hold up to stomach acid and will not react til they reach the small intestine |
| Injectable admin routes | IV, ID, subcutaneous (in fat tissue), IM Intraarticular |
| Name admin routes that don’t go thru 1st pass metabolism in liver | IV, rectal, buccal , sublingual |
| What is the advantage of a med that does not go thru 1st pass metabolism | Increase in the bioavailabilty of the drug |
| Rectal agents are convenient for | Nausea and vomitting |
| Absorbed Systemically, means: | Absorbed through-out the body |
| Systemically | Through-out body |
| Insulin is a suspension, but you don’t shake it because… | Shaking insulin with denature the protein and cause it to breakdown |
| What type of insulin is the only one used for IV | Regular insulin, which is a clear solution. Insulin glargine (lantus) is a clear insulin solution. Most long acting insulins are suspensions. |
| Short acting insulins or rapid acting are Solutions or suspensions? | Clear solutions. |
| Name a common sublingual medication | nitrogycerin |
| What is a transdermal medication | It is a patch that releases medication through the skin. |
| A patch should be applied to | dry, hairless, intact skin |
| Give some examples of local agents | topical creams, ointments and intraocular medications. |
| Absorption of a drug | Amount of drug that enters the systemic circulation through the walls of the small intestine. |
| Systemic circulation is another name for | bloodstream |
| Bioavailabilty | % of administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation |
| Bioavailabilty of a drug depends on what three things? | Dissolution of drug, dosage form,and route of administration ( oral undergoes 1st pass and so less of drug is absorbed) |
| Why choose IV route over oral? | Because meds that are taken orally are partially metabolized in the liver, so less of the active ingredient is available. |
| What is the site of action? | It is the tissue organs site where the med is to exert its intended pharmacologic response. |
| What does it mean when a medication is considered tied up? | It is a Medication that is bound to plasma protein, and is therefore inactive. |
| What is medication that is free? | It is Medication that is not bound to plasma protein, and is therefore free to travel to target tissue |
| Name the protein which acidic and neutral meds bind to | albumin |
| What is therapeutic level | Level at which most patients receive the desired effect with minimal side effects. |
| What is volume of distribution | It describes the distribution characteristics of a medication throughout the body. |
| Meds with a high Vd are? | Those that have a high concentration through-out the body but a low concentration in the blood or systemic circulation. So, less is available in the drug to work. |
| Meds with a low Vd are? | Those that have a low concentration through-out the body but a high concentration in the blood or systemic circulation. more of the med is in the blood and is available to be transported to the target site. |
| Name some drugs that need a loading dose, | phenytoin, digoxin, some antibiotics |
| Why do some drugs need a loading dose? | because they have a high Vd, and therefore less is available in the blood to travel to the target site to get the desireable drug response |
| What is metabolism of a drug and in what main organs does it occur | breakdown, kidney and liver and small intestine. |
| describe the three possible ways of metabolism for a drug. | drug can be metabolized, can inhibit of metabolism of other drugs, can enhance the metabolism of other drugs |
| knowing the metabollic profile of a drug can help to... | determine if a drug interaction will occur. |
| what is an enzyme inducer? | a med that enhances metabolism of other meds |
| name an enzyme inducer | Phenytoin (anti-epileptic) |
| What is an enzyme inhibitor? | a med that inhibits metabolism of another drug, such as erythromycin, antifungal meds and cyclosporine |
| What is an active metabolite? | It is a meds that is metabolized to another substance that is also active and can exert a therapeutic or toxic effect. |
| Physical, chemical characteristics, study of dosage form, and study of route of administration and its effect on rate and drug absorption refers to | Biopharmaceuatics |
| Absortion, volume of distribution, metabolism, elimination all describe what? | Pharmacokinetics |
| Which organ is the major metabolic organ? | Liver |
| Which organ is the major elimination organ? | Kidney |
| Fluxetine is an active metabolite that is metalbolized to norfluxetine. What is the difference between the two drugs? | Norfluxotine also functions as an anti-depressant, but it is longer acting. |
| What is the name of the substance that is used as a marker for kidney function? | Creatinine |
| What is the value for normal creatinine clearance | 120ml/min |
| The study of the relationship between the concentration of a drug and the response obtained in the patient is a definition for | Pharmacodynamics |
| list some examples of pharmacodynamic responses | increase in bone mass, decrease in blood pressure, decrease in blood glucose, decrease in choloesterol |
| A receptor is a protein. true or false | true. and the receptor that is embeded in a cell membrane and facilitates communication. |
| Medications that augment of enhance a signal that is normally communicate in the cell are called | agonists. |
| Meds that block the transmission of a signal are called? | antagonists |
| What happens to the endogenous substance when a medication binds to its receptor? | The substance is blocked from binding to the site |
| What is the 1st process of a solid dose form as it undergoes pharmacologic effect? | disintegration |
| Which dosage form needs to be shaken? | suspension |
| which pharmacokinetic process is most impaired with renal disease | elimination |
| which pharmacokinetic process is most impaired with hepato diseases | metabolism |
| Which route of administration(refers to biopharmaceuatics) ensures complete absorption into the systemic circulation (bloodstream) | intravaneous |
| Which product fomulations may be crushed without impacted the rate at which the dose works on the system? | immediate release |
| If a patient has kidney disease, what should be doubled checked before administering drug? route of med, dose of med, fomulation of med or number of concomitant meds | dose of med |
| What does an enzyme inducer do | It enhances the metabolism of other medications |
| What does a med have to bind to, to have a clinical effect? | a receptor |
| Studying the effect of a medication at a target site is? | pharmacodynamics |
Created by:
srubsam
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