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Psyc101 Midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Consciousness | A person’s awareness of everything that is going on around him or her at any given moment. |
| Biological Clock | Circadian Rhythm |
| Manifest Content | the dream itself |
| Latent Content | the hidden meaning of a dream |
| What is the difference between Night Terrors and Nightmares? | Nightmares take place in REM sleep(body can't move) while night terrors take place in non-REM sleep(can move) and is a psychological disorder |
| List some sleep disorders | Nightmares, insomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy |
| Drug dependence is both_____ and _____. | physical and psychological |
| Marijuana causes _____ problems but alcohol causes both _____ and ____ problems. | psychological mental and physical |
| Define Conditioned Stimulus | stimulus that becomes able to produce a learned reflex response by being paired with the original unconditioned stimulus |
| Define Conditioned Response | learned reflex response to a conditioned stimulus |
| Define Learning | Permanent change in behavior |
| Define Observational Learning | learning new behavior by watching a model perform that behavior |
| Define Classical Conditioning | learning to make a reflex response to a stimulus other than the original, natural stimulus that normally produces the refle |
| Define UCR, UCS, CSR | Unconditioned response, unconditioned stimulus, conditioned stimulus response |
| What are some negative outcomes of punishment? | Avoidance, lying, and fear |
| Token Economy | type of behavior modification in which desired behavior is rewarded with tokens What teachers use on their students in pre-k |
| Define Biofeedback | uses feedback about biological conditions to bring an involuntary response under voluntary control |
| What did Bandura study? | Observational learning |
| What did Skinner study? | He was a behaviorist that came up with operant conditioning |
| Define Memory | an active system that receives information from the senses, organizes and alters that information as it stores it away, and then retrieves the information from storage |
| Memory Models | 1.)Information-processing model 2.)Parallel distributed processing (PDP) model 3.)Levels-of-processing mode |
| Storage | holding onto information for some period of time |
| Encoding | the set of mental operations that people perform on sensory information to convert that information into a form that is usable in the brain’s storage systems |
| Retrieval | getting information that is in storage into a form that can be used |
| What are the three parts of memory? | Sensory Short term Long term |
| Define Recall | memory retrieval in which the information to be retrieved must be “pulled”from memory with very few external cues |
| Define Recognition | ability to match a piece of information or a stimulus to a stored image or fact |
| Define Iconic Memory | visual sensory memory, lasting only a fraction of a second |
| Define Short term memory | (working memory) the memory system in which information is held for brief periods of time while being used |
| Define Long term memory | the memory system into which all the information is placed to be kept more or less permanently |
| Define Nondeclarative (implicit) memory | type of long-term memory including memory for skills, procedures, habits, and conditioned responses |
| Define Declarative (explicit) memory | type of long-term memory containing information that is conscious and known |
| Define Serial position effect | information at the beginning and the end of a body of information remembered more than the information in the middle |
| Problems with memory include... | 1.)Retrieval failure 2.)Misinformation effect 3.)False memory syndrome 4.)Curve of forgetting |
| Define Language | a system for combining symbols (such as words) so that an unlimited number of meaningful statements can be made for the purpose of communicating with others |
| Define Mental images | mental representations that stand for objects or events and have a picture-like quality |
| What are some problem solving barriers? | 1.)Functional fixedness 2.)Mental set 3.)Confirmation bias |
| Divergent thinking | a person starts from one point and comes up with many different ideas or possibilities based on that point (a kind of creativity) |
| Convergent thinking | a problem is seen as having only one answer, and all lines of thinking will eventually lead to (converge on) that single answer, using previous knowledge and logic |
| Sternberg's three/triarchic theory of intelligence is... | 1. Analytical 2. Creative 3. Practical |
| Requirements for a proper IQ test include... | Liability, standardization, and validity |
| What is the structure of Language? | -Grammar -Syntax -Phonemes -Semantics -Morphemes -Pragmatics |
| Know Gardner's multiple intelligences | Verbal, musical, logical, visual. movement etc. |
Created by:
cprevolus
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