Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Ch. 18: AP PSYCH
Social Psychology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| social psychology | is the study of how people think, act, are influenced, and relate to one another in social situations |
| Implicit personality theory | quick and automatic assumptions or beliefs that we form about other people and situations that are developed through schemas- mental organization of information |
| Attribution theory | describes how people explain other people’s behavior and justify their own behavior |
| Fundamental attribution error | occurs when people explain other people’s behavior and underestimate situational factors and just assume it is entirely the person’s fault |
| situational attribution | looking at situational factors or excuses in terms of forming an opinion or judgment |
| dispositional attribution | looking at personality traits or a person’s behavior when forming an opinion or judgment |
| Blaming the victim | the tendency to blame an innocent victim for their misfortune through the belief that he or she deserved the outcome |
| just world hypothesis | states that good things happen to good people, and bad things happen to bad people. |
| Actor-observer discrepancy | the tendency to attribute, or justify, one’s own behavior to situational factors, while attributing the same exact type of behavior that happens to others to a dispositional attribution |
| Self-serving bias | the tendency to attribute successful outcomes to internal reasons, and unsuccessful outcomes to situational factors |
| Self-efficacy (modesty) bias | the tendency to blame ourselves for our failures and credit our successes to external factors, or other people |
| Attitudes | strengthened by beliefs and feelings that then direct the way a person behaves |
| Foot-in-the-door phenomenon | the tendency for people who have agreed to do something minor to then do something bigger |
| door-in-the-foot technique | when you make a really big request in order to better your chances to get a smaller request. |
| Cognitive dissonance | occurs when a person has thoughts that are inconsistent or contradict each other, resulting in an unpleasant state of psychological tension or arousal- similar to guilt |
| Elaboration likelihood model | a model suggesting that attitudes can change through evaluation of the content of a persuasive message or by irrelevant persuasion cues |
| Central route of persuasion | the listener focuses on the content of the product |
| Peripheral route of persuasion- | the listener focuses on the tone of person’s voice, their excitement- focuses on the salesperson’s pitch instead of the product |
| Conformity | adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide, or to go along with the group |
| Normative social influence | causes a person to conform, or change a behavior for the purpose to either gain approval or avoid disapproval from a group |
| Informational social influence | a person conforms because the group or person giving the information is seen as an expert of the subject or behavior being performed. |
| Solomon Asch | social psychologist who researched the effects of conformity |
| Hawthorne effect | workers at a factory worked harder when their boss was present |
| Obedience | is the tendency to follow a person’s orders or requests because he or she is seen as an authority figure |
| Stanley Milgram | social psychologist who studied the effects of obedience on a person’s behavior (shock experiment) |
| Philip Zimbardo | wanted to reaserch the effects of authority in social situations (stanford prison experiment) |
| Social influence | occurs when a person’s behavior is affected by opinions or actions of other people |
| Social facilitation | occurs when the presence of other people watching improves the performance of the person performing a task |
| social impairment | refers to people who perform worse when other people are watching. |
| Social loafing | refers to the tendency for people to do less when working in a group setting |
| Deindividuation | is the loss of a person’s identity and self-restraint that occurs in the presence of other people. |
| Groupthink | occurs when the desire to keep social harmony among the group becomes more important than personal opinion |
| Group polarization | is when an attitude or thought becomes stronger in the presence of a group of people |
| Self-fulfilling prophecy | when a person listens to the opinions of other people and then accepts these people’s opinions resulting in that person now living up to the beliefs and expectations of other people |
| Mere exposure effect | describes how through constant exposure to a stimuli will eventually lead to finding that stimuli appealing; even if the stimuli was not initially liked. |
| Altruism | the unselfish regard, or caring for the welfare of others. |
| Diffusion of responsibility (bystander effect) | the tendency for a bystander to be less likely to help if there are other people present |
| Prejudice | an unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members |
| Stereotype | a generalized belief about a group of people |
| social categorization | thoughts that a specific group shares certain commonalities or traits |
| Discrimination | taking certain actions against a group of people because of specific stereotypes |
| In-group | the group that you are a member of |
| out-group | the group you do not belong to |
| In-group bias | the tendency to favor one’s group through the belief that this group is always correct |
| Out-group homogeneity effect | tendency to see members of other groups as similar in terms of their thoughts and actions. |
| Ethnocentrism | the belief that one’s own culture or ethnic group is superior to others |
| Scapegoat theory | theory that prejudiced behavior provides an outlet for anger and blame |
| Muzafer Sherif | social psychologist who studied how to reduce or eliminate prejudice behavior |
| John Darley and Bibb Latane | social psychologists who researched circumstances or factors that when present contribute to people helping other people |
Created by:
sharonrajumon
Popular Psychology sets