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Abnormal Psychology
Chapters 1-4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Psychological Disorder | pattern of abnormal behavior that is associated with states of significant emotional distress, such as anxiety or depression, or with impaired behavior or ability to function |
| Medical Model | perspective that views abnormal behavior patterns as symptoms of underlying illness |
| Hallucinations | perceptions occurring in the absence of external stimuli that become confused with reality |
| Classical conditioning | learning occurs when stimuli are associated |
| What does abnormal psychology primarily deal with | disorders |
| What percent of Americans receive some form of help for mental health issues each year? | 15% |
| What societies have standards for behavior? | all societies have standards for behavior |
| Was it common for conditions at mental hospitals to be bad? | Yes |
| Neuron, role of neuron | nerve cell, convey messages in one direction, from the dendrites or cell body along the axon to the axon terminals |
| Neurotransmitter, role of neurotransmitter | chemical substance that transmits messages to other neurons, induce chemical changes in receiving neurons |
| Who's contributions played a huge part in the Psychodynamic theory? | Sigmund Freud |
| What three regions of the mind were discussed by Freud? | the conscious (present awareness), the preconscious (memories that are not in awareness but that can be brought into awareness by focusing on them), and the unconscious, (repository of our basic biological needs) |
| When have systems of classification of abnormal behavior existed since? | ancient times |
| What is person-centered therapy based on? | the humanistic theory |
| Who is the founder of the Humanistic theory? | Carl Rogers |
| What is the most widely used form of assessment | clinical interview |
| What do psychodynamic theories tend to focus on? | unconscious processes |
| What do humanistic theories tend to focus on ? | subjective, conscious processes |
| What does behavioral therapy try to change? | the client's behavior |
| What has cut down inpatient mental health treatment? | managed care |
| What are psychiatric drugs also known as? | psychotropic drugs |
| Tolerance | need for increased doses of a particular drug |
| Deinstitutionalization | 1950s, policy of shifting the burden of care from state hospitals to community-based treatment setting, led to a wholesale exodus from state mental hospitals |
| What is a major issue with mental health centers? | there aren't enough of them |
| What are many of the nations homeless? | mental health patients |
| What are the four basic steps in the scientific method? | 1. Form a research question 2. Form a hypothesis 3. Test the hypothesis 4. Draw conclusion about the hypothesis |
| What did Freud believe? | that we could view the unconscious mind indirectly |
| What do humanistic models believe? | that all people have free will |
| What do behavior therapies focus on? | the here and now |
| Does group therapy have advantages? If so, please give an example | Yes, group therapy is cheaper than individual therapy |
| What is a disadvantage of group therapy? | cost cutting can lead to more expensive care later on |
| What do general medical conditions fall on? | AXIS III |
| Can psychological disorders be experienced differently in different countries? | Yes |
| Is percent centered therapy directive or non-directive? | non-directive |
| What approach do most psychologist have towards therapy | most psychologists adopt an eclectic approach |
| Will therapies that work on one cultural group work on another? | not always |
| Is Electroconvulsive therapy considered a last resort? | Yes |
| Do psychotropics cure a person's psychotic disorder? | No |
| How do you define abnormal behavior? | 1. Unusualness 2. Social deviance 3. Faulty perceptions or interpretations of reality 4. Significant personal distress 5. Maladaptive or self-defeating behavior 6. Dangerousness |
| Humanistic psychotherapy | pays special attention to such phenomena as creativity, free will, and human potential. It encourages self exploration and viewing oneself as a "whole person." |
| Biospychosocial perspective on abnormality | contributions of multiple factors representing biological, psychological, and sociocultural domains, as well as their interactions, in the development psychological disorders. |
| Advantages of the DSM | designation of specific diagnostic criteria, permits clinician to readily match a client's complaints and associated features with specific standards to see which diagnosis best fits the symptoms |
| Disadvantages of the DSM | utility of particular symptoms or features associated with a particular syndrome or if specified diagnostic criteria, reliance on the medical model, categorizing pyschological disorders rather than describing a person;s behavioral strengths and weaknesses |
| Eclecticism | conceptual approach that does not hold rigidly to a single paradigm or set of assumptions, but instead draws upon multiple theories, styles, or ideas to gain complementary insights into a subject, or applies different theories in particular cases. |
| Do community mental health centers always provide mandated services? | No |
| Can antipsychotics cure psychosis? | No |
| What develops slowly in therapeutic relationships? | transference |
| What does resistance mean in psychoanalysis? | that you are getting to meaningful information |
| id | the unconscious psychic structure, present at birth, that contains primitive instincts and is regulated by the pleasure principle |
| ego | the psychic structure that corresponds to the concept of the self, governed by the reality principle and characterized by the ability to tolerate frustration. |
| superego | the psychic structure that incorporates the values of our parents and important others and functions as a moral conscience |
| What did Freud believe? | that we could view the unconscious mind indirectly |
| Is there a growing emphasis in American Psychiatry on the biological reasons for abnormal behavior? | Yes |
| Anxiety disorder, sleep disorder, and eating disorders have been linked to what? | chemical imbalances in the brain |
| When do moral standards and values become internalized? | during middle childhood |
| When does learning occur in classical conditioning? | when stimuli are associated with one another |
| Culture-bound syndrome | pattern of abnormal behavior that is found only within one or a few cultures |
| What is a new classification in the DSM-5 and why are some concerned? | Autism spectrum disorder, because it could affect the number of children identified as suffering from the disorder. |
| When does a clinician adopt his or her own style of questioning? | in an unstructured interview |
Created by:
Jilliandrake
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