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Intro of Pharm Tech
Ch. 11 - Factors affecting drug activity
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| neonate | up to 1 month after birth |
| infant | 1 mon to 2 years |
| child | 2 - 12 years |
| adolescent | 13 - 19 years |
| adult | 20 - 70 years |
| elder | older than 70 years |
| pharmacogenomics | a field of study that defines the hereditary basis of individual differences in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (the ADME processes) |
| acute viral hepatitis | an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by viruses |
| cirrhosis | a chronic liver disease causing loss of function |
| hyperthyroidism | a condition in which thyroid hormone secretions are above normal, often referred to as an overactive thyroid. |
| hypothyroidism | a condition in which thyroid hormone secretions are below normal, often referred to as an underactive thyroid. |
| obstructive jaundice | an obstruction of the bile duct that caused hepatic waste products and bile to accumulate in the liver |
| adverse drug reaction | an unintended side effect of a medcation that is negative or in some way injurious to a patient's health. |
| anaphylactic shock | a potentially fatal hypersensitivity reaction producing severe respiratory distress and cardiovascular collapse. |
| carcinogenicity | the ability of a substance to cause cancer. |
| hypersensitivity | an abnormal sensitivity generally resuting in an alleric reaction. |
| idiosyncrasy | an unexpected reaction the first time a drug is taken, generally due to genetic causes. |
| complexation | when two different molecules associate or attach to each other. |
| displacement | a drug that is bound to a plama proten is removed when another drug of greater binding potential binds to the same protein |
| enzyme induction | the increase in hepatic enzyme activity that results in greater metabolism of drugs. |
| enzyme inhibition | the decrease in hepatic enzyme activity that results in reduced metabolism of drugs. |
| additive effects | the summation in effect when two drugs w/ similar pharmacological actions are taken. |
| antidote | a drug that antagonizes the toxic effect of another |
| potentiation | when one drug w/ no inherent activity of its own increases the activity of another drug that produces an effect. |
| synergism | when 2 drugs w/ similar pharmacological actions produce greater effects than the sum o individual effects.actions |
| drug-drug interactions | do not alter the drugs' disposition but interact at the site of action. |
| drug-diet interactions | when elements of ingested nutrients interact w/ a drug and this affects the disposition of the drug. |
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