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Radt 465

ARRT Reg. Review Image Acquisition and Evaluation

QuestionAnswer
calculating distances SID=OID+SOD OID=SID-SOD SOD=SID-OID (Wallace, 1995, p. 27)
calulating maginication image size/object size = SID/SOD (Wallace, 1995, p. 31)
magnification factor SID/SOD multiply times object size to get image size divide into image size to get object size (Wallace, 1995, p. 32)
inverse square formula original intensity/new intensity = new distance squared/ old distance squared (Wallace, 1995, p. 65)
density maintenance formula new mAs = old mAs x new distance squared / old distnace squared (Wallace, 1995, p. 68)
What effect does SID have on radiation intensity? if SID is increased/ intensity is decreased if SID is decreased /intensity is increased (Wallace, 1995, p. 71)
What is the difference between short scale and long scale contrast? short scale contrast = black and white = high contrast long scale contrast = many gray shades = low contrast (Wallace, 1995, p. 76)
What are the grid conversion factors? no grid = 1, 5:1 = 2, 6:1 = 3, 8:1 = 4, 12:1 = 5, and 16:1 = 6 (Wallace, 1995, p. 113)
What does the developer do? converts the latent image into the manifest image(Saia, 2015, p. 402)
What does the fixer do? removes unexposed silver grains from the emulsion, preventing further exposure (Saia, 2015, p. 402)
What happens when a grid is placed upside down? divergent x-ray beams will be absorbed by the grid's lead strips everywhere but the grid's central portion. (Saia, 2015, p. 421)
What are some examples of handling artifacts? scratches and dust (Saia, 2015, p. 425)
How is image quality evaluated? according to brightness, gray scale, spatial resolution, and distortion (Saia, 2015, p. 304)
What is the single most important way to reduce the production of scatter? restrict the size of the x-ray field (Saia, 2015, p. 310)
What is selectivity of a grid? the ratio between the quantity of useful photons submitted through grid and the quantity of scatter photons transmitted (Saia, 2015, p. 315)
What increases scatter radiation production? increase in field size, kV, thickness, and volume of tissue (Saia, 2015, p. 316)
What pathological conditions warrant an increase technical factors? ascites, rheumatoid arthritis, Paget's disease, pneumonia, atelectasis, congestive heart failure, and edematous tissue (Saia, 2015, p. 318)
What pathological conditions warrant a a decrease in technical factors? osteoporosis, osteomalacia, emphysema, degenerative arthritis, atrophic, and necrotic conditions, and pneumoperitneum (Saia, 2015, p. 318)
What conditions emphasize the anode heel effect? short SID's, large size IR's, and small anode angle x-ray tubes (Saia, 2015, p. 319)
Which side receives greater intensity as a result of the anode heel effect? the cathode side (Saia, 2015, p. 320)
How is mAs related to patient dose? directly proportional (Saia, 2015, p. 321)
What is the reciprocity law? Any combination of mA and time that will produce a given mAs will produce identical radiographic density. (Saia, 2015, p. 323)
What will doubling the mAs do to radiographic density? double it (Saia, 2015, p. 323)
What percentage of change must be made to mAs in order for there to be a perceptible change? 30% (Saia, 2015, p. 323)
What effect does kV have on density? increase in kV = an increase in density / a decrease in kV = a decrease in densty (Saia, 2015, p. 324)
What are the correction factors for generators? single phase to a three phase/ 6 pulse generator = 2/3 original mAs, single phase to a 3 phase/ 12 pulse generator = 1/2 original mAs (Saia, 2015, p. 329)
Created by: tkmccracke
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