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Competency 16
Competency 16 handouts
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| anticonvulsants do what? | reduce seizures by reducing the excitability of the brain's neurons |
| antidiabetics are what? | they treat the symptoms of diabetes but DO NOT cure it |
| antidiabetics, sub class insulins do what | replace insulin not created by the pancreas |
| antidiabetics, sub class sulfonylureas do what? | increase insulin release by the pancreas |
| antidiabetics, sub class biguanides do what? | decrease the absorption of glucose and glucose output from the liver |
| antidiabetics, sub class tiazolidinediones do what? | lower blood glucose by increasing insulin sensitivity |
| an antiemetic does what? | block receptors in the chemo trigger zone, thus reducing emesis |
| antiemetic, subclass dopamine antagonist does what? | centrally act on blocking dopamine receptors |
| antiemetic, subclass serotonin antagonist does what? | blocks serotonin receptors |
| Agents for gout treat? | treating different aspects of gout. |
| colchicine is used to .... | prevent gout attacks |
| zyloprim (allopurinol) works by.... | decreasing uric acid production |
| anti-hyperlipidemics are used to? | lower cholesterol and triglycerides |
| anti-hyperlipidemics, sub class: bile acid sequestrant prevents what? | the reabsorption of bile back into the body, leading to lower cholesterol |
| anti-hyperlipidemics, sub class: HMG Co-A reductase inhibitors prevent what? | cholesterol from being syntesized. |
| anti-hyperlipidemics, sub class: Fibric Acid Derivatives do what? | lowers triglycerides and elevate HDL |
| Anti-hypertensives are drugs that are used to ..... | lower blood pressure through various mechanisms of action. |
| Anti-hypertensive, sub class beta blockers do what? | lower blood pressure by lowering cardiac output |
| Anti-hypertensive, sub class alpha blockers do what? | lower blood pressure by lowering cardiac output |
| anti-hypertensive, sub class diuretics do what? | decrease blood pressure by decreasing blood volume |
| anti-hypertensive, sub class diuretics, sub sub thiazides do what? | increase the excretion of sodium and chloride |
| anti-hypertensive, sub class diuretics, sub sub loop do what? | generate a larger elimination response than that of the thiazides, |
| Anti-hypertensive, sub class angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) do what? | relax the blood vessels and increase excretion of sodium and water |
| Anti-hypertensive, sub class calcium channel blockers do what? | block the movement of calcium ions into cell membranes and cause vasodilation |
| Anti-infectives drugs can either 1 or 2 | 1. kill an infectious agent or 2. inhibit it from spreading |
| Anti-infective, sub class Penicillins do what? | eliminate infection causing bacteria. Bactericidal |
| Anti-infective, sub class Cephalosporins do what? | eliminate infection causing bacteria. bactericidal |
| they are divided into 5 generations because? | the higher the generation, the stronger the drug, the stronger the infection it can fight |
| First generation is most active against? | gram-positive aerobes |
| Second generation has improved.... | activity over first generation |
| third generation is active against.... | serious gram negative infections |
| fourth generation is a ...., | broad spectrum against both gram-negative and gram-positive |
| fifth generation is effective against...., | methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) |
| special note, many patients who are allergic to penicillin.... | have a 10% chance of also being allergic to cephalosporins |
| Anti-infective, sub class, monobactams are used to.... | treat severe infections |
| Anti-infective, sub class glycopeptide antibotics are use to.... | treat intestinal infections that cause colitis |
| Anti-infective, sub class Macrolides are effective against.... | a wide range of microorganisms and are primarily bacteriostatic |
| Anti-infective, sub class Tetracyclines are mainly ________ but in high concentration can be _________ | bacteriostatic, bactericidal |
| anti-infective, sub class sulfonamides are used to .... | kill bacteria by interfering with bacterial synthesis |
| anti-infective, sub class quinolones/fluoroquinolones are primarily used to treat _________ | UTIs |
| anti-infective, sub class antituberculosis agents are effective in the treatment of _____________ | tuberculosis |
| anti-infective, sub class anti-fungals are used to treat _________ _______________ | fungal infections |
| anti-infective, sub class of drugs ending in -azoles are used to treat.... | various fungal/yeast infections |
| anti-parkinson's disease drugs are used to _____ ______ levels | increase dopamine |
| anti-virals work by .... | inhibiting a step in the viral replication process |
| anti-virals treat these diseases..... 6 | cold sores, shingles, chicken pox, hepatitis, HIV, other viral infections |
| corticosteroids produces a wide range of effects that 1. influence...2, modify.... and 3. produce.... | 1. influence metabolic pathways, 2. modify response of the immune system and 3. produce anti-inflammatory activity |
| Gastrointestinal, sub class antacids do what? | neutralize existing stomach acid |
| Gastrointestinal, sub class gastric mucosal agents form.... | a protective layer on the mucosal lining |
| Gastrointestinal, sub class histamine (h2) receptor antagonists compete with.... | histamine for binding sites on gastrointestinal tract. |
| Gastrointestinal, sub class proton pump inhibitors interfere with... | gastric acid secretion |
| Gastrointestinal, sub class anti-diarrheals reduce ___________ | diarrhea |
| Gastrointestinal, sub class laxatives and stool softeners stimulate.... | bowel movements to relieve constipation |
| Cardiac, sub class anti-anginals increase... | blood flow thus increasing oxygen supply while decreasing the workload of the heart, decreasing demand for oxygen |
| Cardiac, sub class anti-anginals 5 types.... | nitrates, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, alpha blockers, antiarrhythmics |
| Cardiac, sub class vasopressors are also called _______ and they increase the ..... | inotropes, force of the cardiac contraction |
| Cardiac, sub class glycosides increase the .... | force of the contraction of the heart thus decreasing overall heart rate. |
| Hematologic agents drugs effect the .... | blood coagulation, thinning and reproduction process |
| Hematologic, coagulating enhancers assist in the .... | formation of blood clots in the blood |
| Hematologic, anti-coagulating agents act.... | against blood clot formation |
| Hematologic, anti-platelet agents prevent.... | arterial clot formation |
| Hematologic, thrombolytic enzymes aid the .... | dissolving of existing clots |
| Hematologic, hemostatic agents are used to .... | treat of prevent excessive bleeding |
| Hematologic, hematopoietic agents are used to.... | assist or stimulate the growth of blood cells |
| Analgesic agents do what? | block or reduce the perception of pain but not its cause |
| Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used to primarily.... and their effectiveness.... | reduce inflammation in reducing pain, varies from patient to patient |
| Anti-migraine also called ___________ work by treating.... | tryptans, existing migraines |
| Psychotropic agents are used in the treatment of ....3 | behavior, psychotic state and sleep |
| Psychotropic agents, sub class anti-depressants are used to treat the .... | symptoms of depression |
| Psychotropic agents, sub class anti-psychotics are used to treat patients with....2 | various cognitive and psychological disorders |
| anti-psychotics, phenothiazines are used to treat.... | serious mental and emotional disorders including schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders |
| anti-psychotics, sedative/hypnotics are used to reduce ______ | anxiety |
| anti-psychotics, benzodiazepines are used as ....3 | muscle relaxants, sedatives and anticonvulsants |
| Respiratory drugs are used to .... | prevent, relieve or treat respiratory diseases |
| Respiratory, sub class asthmatic drugs are used to treat | asthma conditions |
| Respiratory, sub class bronchodilators do what? | decongest the bronchiole tubes |
| Respiratory, sub class corticosteroids do what? | reduce inflammation associated with asthma |
| Respiratory, sub class anti-histamines are primarity _____ ______ ______. they prevent _____ _____, reduce ______ and may increase ____________ | H1 receptor antagonists. prevent allergic reactions, reduce nausea and may increase sedation |
| Respiratory, sub class decongestants do what? | increase drainage and reduce congestion by shrinking mucous membranes |
| Respiratory, sub class anti-tussives ____ _______ | suppress coughs |
| Respiratory, sub class expectorants do what? | decrease the thickness of phlegm from the lungs which aid in its expulsion. |
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