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Chp. 19 Space
(Science)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Rotation | the spinning of the Earth on its axis; causes day and night; takes 24 hours to rotate once |
| Revolution | one complete orbit of Earth around the sun; one year |
| Orbit | the path the Earth follows around the sun and the moon around the Earth. It is elliptical shaped. |
| Seasons | result because the tilt of the Earth as it orbits the sun |
| Solstices | when the sun is farthest north or south of the equator |
| Equinox | occurs when neither end of the Earth’s axis is tilted toward or away from the sun. Day and night are both 12 hours long (equal). |
| Gravity | objects attracted to each other by force |
| The strength of the force of gravity depends on two factors; | the masses of the objects and the distance between them. |
| Inertia | the tendency of an object to resist change in motion |
| Inertia and gravity | keep the Earth and moon in their orbits |
| Solar Eclipse | sun/moon/earth |
| Lunar Eclipse | sun/earth/moon |
| Umbra | darkest part of a shadow |
| Penumbra | part of a shadow that is less dark |
| Spring Tide | sun/moon/ earth in a straight line; causes the greatest difference between high and low tides |
| Neap Tide | sun/earth/moon at a right angle; causes the least difference between high and low tides |
| Craters | large round pits on the moon’s surface |
| Maria | dark flat areas on the moon’s surface |
| Highlands | light colored features on the moon’s surface (mountains) |
| Moon’s Size | about one fourth the Earth’s diameter |
| Moon’s Temperature | varies from night and day because there is no atmosphere |
| Rocket | a device that expels gas in one direction to move in the opposite direction |
| Thrust | the reaction force that propels a rocket forward |
| Orbital Velocity | velocity a rocket must have to establish an orbit around Earth |
| Escape Velocity | velocity a rocket must reach to fly beyond a plant’s gravitational pull |
| Satellite | an object that /revolves/orbits around another object in space |
| NASA | National Aeronautics and Space Administration est. 1958 |
| Humans in Space: | Yuri Gargarin –Soviets first human in space, 1961 Alan Shepard- first American in space less than a month later John Glenn- first American to orbit Earth, 1962 |
| The “Space Race” was between the United States and the | Soviet Union. It heated up when the Soviet Union launched Sputnik I. |
| The American effort to land astronauts on the moon was called the | Apollo program. |
| Space Shuttle | can be used many times to carry astronauts into orbit and can land like a plane |
| Space Station | large artificial satellite on which people can live and work for long periods of time. |
| Space Probes | a spacecraft that carries scientific instruments that can collect data but has no human crew |
Created by:
s730070
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