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Chap 3 Abdomen
Procedures1. Bontrager.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| KUB | Kidneys, ureters, bladder |
| 3 most important abdominal muscles? | Diaphragm, left and right psoas majors. |
| Diaphragm separates what? | Abdominal cavity from thoracic cavity. |
| Psoas major muscles are located where? | Either side of the lumbar vertebral column. |
| 6 organs of the digestive system? | Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine. |
| What is the first organ of the digestive system located in the abdominal cavity? | Stomach. |
| What is the second organ of the digestive system in the ab. cavity? | Small intestine. |
| What are the 3 portions of the small intestine, going in order from 1st to last? | Duodenum, jéjunum, ileum. |
| The shortest but widest of the small int? | Duodenum |
| Ileocecal valve is? | valve between the distal ileum and the cecum portion of the large intestine |
| Cecum? | Saclike portion of the large intestine below the ileocecal valve. |
| What is the appendix is attached to? | Posteromedial aspect of the cecum. |
| Vertical portion of the large bowel above the cecum? | Ascending colon |
| The ascending colon joins the _____ at the ____ colic flexure. | Transverse colon, right colic flexure. |
| The transverse colon joins the _____ at the ___ colic flexure. | descending colon, left colic flexure. |
| Right colic flexure AKA? | Hepatic flexure |
| Left colic flexure AKA? | Splenic flexure |
| The descending colon continues as the s-shaped _____ in the lower ___ abdomen. | Sigmoid colon, lower left abdomen. |
| Final 15 cm of the large intestine? | Rectum. |
| Anus is? | The end of the rectum, sphincter muscle at opening of large intestine. |
| The spleen is part of what systems? | Lymphatic and circulatory. |
| Where is the spleen located? | Posterior and to the left of the stomach, left upper quadrant. |
| 3 accessory digestive organs? | Pancreas, live, gallbladder. |
| Why is the pancreas part of two systems? | Endocrine (internal) for producing hormones such as insulin, and Exocrine (external) for producing digestive juices. |
| Pancreas is located? | Posterior to stomach, near abdominal wall between the duodenum and the spleen. |
| Liver location and function? | Right upper quadrant. Production of bile. |
| Gallbladder location and function? | Pear shaped sac below liver. Store and concentrate bile, release bile. |
| Each kidney drains via its own ___, to the ___. | Ureter, bladder. |
| Where is the bladder? | Above and behind the symphysis pubis. |
| Where are the suprarenal glands of the endocrine system located? | Superomedial portion of each kidney. |
| Adrenal glands AKA? | Suprarenal glands. |
| Why is the ___ kidney usually lower than the other? | Right kidney is lower than left, because of the large liver on the right side. |
| Parietal peritoneum? | Cavity wall peritoneum. |
| Visceral peritoneum? | Covers an organ peritoneum. |
| Peritoneal cavity? | Space or cavity between parietal and visceral peritoneum, contains serous lubricating fluid. |
| Ascites condition? | Abnormal accumulation of lube fluid in peritoneal cavity. |
| Mesentery | Double folds of peritoneum that hold the small intestine in place-connects to posterior wall of abdomen. |
| Omentum | double fold peritoneum that extents from stomach to another organ. |
| Lesser omentum | extends superiorly from the lesser curvature of the stomach to portions of the liver |
| greater omentum | connects transverse colon to the greater curvature of the stomach inferiorly. |
| mesocolon | Peritoneum that attaches colon to posterior abdominal wall. |
| What are the names of the 4 portions to which the mesocolon connects? | Ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid/pelvic. |
| Lesser sac | smaller portion of upper posterior peritoneal cavity, posterior to stomach. |
| greater sac | major portion of peritoneal cavity, often called peritoneal cavity. |
| Lesser sac is aka? | omentum bursa |
| Retro- | "backward" or "behind" |
| Infra- | "under" or "beneath" |
| Retroperitoneal organs are ? | structures closely attached to the posterior abdomen wall. Less mobile and move less. |
| Male vs female peritoneal enclosures? | Lower aspect of peritoneum is a closed sac in the males, but not females. Uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries pass directly into the peritoneal cavity. |
| Xiphoid process | T9-T10. Approximates the superior margin of the abdomen/diaphragm. |
| Inferior costal rib margin | L2-L3. Used to locate upper organs such as gallbladder/stomach |
| Iliac crest | L4-L5. Uppermost portion of curved ilium border. Approx midabdomen. |
| Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) | Anteriorly and inferiorly of iliac crest. |
| Greater trochanter | same level as superior symphysis. |
| Symphysis pubis | anterior junctior of the two pelvic bones. Superior anterior portion corresponds to the inferior margin of abdomen, but use trochanter instead. |
| Ischial tuberosity | 1-4cm (1.5 inches) below/distal to symphysis pubis. Used to determine the lower margin on a PA ab w/ pt in prone position. |
| Acute abdominal series "two-way" | |
| Acute ab series "three-way" | AP supine, AP erect, PA chest erect |
| Ascites | Abnormal accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity |
| Pneumopertioneum | free air or gas in peritoneal cavity |
| AP projection- supine ab. (KUB) Center and kV range? | Center of IR to iliac crests, bottom at symph pubis. 70-80 kV |
| AP projection- erect ab. Center, | center 2 inches above iliac crests, which places top of IR approx at axilla. |
| Lateral decub, what side down and why? | Left side down to best see free intraperitoneal air in the area of the liver. |
| Ileus | non mechanical small bowel obstruction, or mechanical ileum is obstruction of bowel from hernia/adhesions. |
| Perforated hollow viscus | bowel or stomach evident by free intraperitoneal air |
| intra-abdominal mass | neoplasms- benign or malignant |
| Where do you center on a KUB? | Crest. All others are 2" above crest |
Created by:
Zoest35
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