Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
CHAP 6 Psych
Chapter 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Conditioning | The process of learning associations between environmental stimuli and behavioral responses. |
| Learning | A relatively permanent change in behavior or mental processes resulting from practice or experience. |
| Classical Conditioning | Learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus(NS)becomes paired with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) to elicit a conditioned response (CR). |
| Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) | Stimulus that elicits an unconditioned response without previous conditioning. |
| Unconditioned Response (UCR) | Unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus that occurs without previous conditioning. |
| Neutral Stimulus (NS) | A stimulus that, before conditioning, does not naturally bring about the response of interest. |
| Conditioned Stimulus (CS) | Previously neutral stimulus that, through repeated pairings with an unconditioned stimuls (UCS), now causes a conditioned response (CR). |
| Conditioned Response (CR) | Learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus (CS) that occurs because of previous repeated pairings with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS). |
| Conditioned Emotional Response (CER) | A classically conditioned emotional response to a previously neutral stimulus. |
| Stimulus Generalization | Learned response to a stimuli that are like the original conditioned stimulus. |
| Stimulus Discrimination | Learned response to a specific stimulus but not to other, similar stimuli. |
| Extinction | Gradual weakening or suppression of a previously conditioned response (CR). |
| Spontaneous Recovery | Reappearance of a previous extinguished conditioned response (CR). |
| Higher-Order Conditioning | A neutral stimulus (NS) becomes a conditioned stimulus (CS)through repeated pairings with a previously conditioned stimulus (CS). |
| Operant Conditioning | Learning in which voluntary responses are controlled by their consequences (also known as instrumental or Skinnerian conditioning). |
| Reinforcement | Strengthens a response and makes it more likely to recur. |
| Punishment | Weakens a response and makes it less likely to recur. |
| Law of Effect | Thorndike's rule that the probability of an action being repeated is strengthened when it is followed by a pleasant or satisfying consequence. |
| Primary Reinforcers | Stimuli that increas the probability of a response because they satisfy a biological need, such as food, water, and sex. |
| Secondary Reinforcers | Stimuli that increase the probability of a response because of their learned value, such as money and material possesions. |
| Positive Reinforcement | Adding (or presenting) a stimulus, which strengthens a response and makes it more likely to recur. |
| Negative Reinforcement | Taking away a stimulus, which strengthens a response and makes it more likey to occur. |
| Continuous Reinforcement | Every correct response is reinforced. |
| Partial Intermittent Reinforcement | Some, but not all, correst responses are reinforced. |
| Fixed Ratio Schedule (FR) | Reinforcement occurs after a predetermined set of responses; the ratio/number is fixed. |
| Variable Ratio Schedule (VR) | Reinforcement occurs unpredictably; the ratio varies. |
| Fixed Interval Schedule (FI) | Reinforcement occurs after a predetermined time has elapsed; the interval(time) is fixed. |
| Variable Interval Schedule (VI) | Reinforcement occurs unpredictably; the interval varies. |
| Shaping | Reinforcement delivered for successive approximations of the desired response. |
| Positive Punishment | Adding a stimulus that weakens a response and makes it less likely to recur. |
| Negative Punishment | Taking away a stimulus that weakens a response and makes it less likey to recur. |
| Discriminative Stimulus | A cue that signals when a specific response will lead to the expected reinforcement. |
| Cognitive-Social Theory | Emphasizes the roles of thinking and social learning in behavior. |
| Insight | Sudden understanding of a problem that implies the solution. |
| Latent Learning | Hidden learning that exists without behavioral signs. |
| Observational Learning | Learning new behavior or information by watching others (Social learning). |
| Taste Aversion | A classically conditioned negative reaction to a particular taste that has been associated with nausea or other illness. |
| Biological Preparedness | Built-in (innate) readiness to form associations between certain stimuli and responses. |
| Instinctive Drift | Conditioned responses shift or drift back toward innate response patterns. |
| Biofeedback | An involuntary bodily process (heart rate or blood pressure) is recorded, and the information is fed back to an organism to increase voluntary control over that bodily function. |
Created by:
1254921603
Popular Psychology sets