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Salt Chp 14
SALT 9th Science - Chp 14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| particle theory of light | states that light can be pictured as streams of tiny particles emitted by light sources |
| wave theory of light | states that light actually consists of waves rather than particles |
| electromagnetic wave | a dual transverse wave consisting of an electric field and a magnetic field vibrating at right angles to each other. |
| quantum theory of light | states that light has characteristics of both particles and waves |
| light acts like particles when | interacting with matter |
| visible light | electromagnetic waves that our eyes can perceive |
| visible spectrum | (ROY G BV) – red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet |
| white | a combination of all the colors of light mixed together is perceived as this |
| black | the absence of all colors of light is perceived as this |
| red | color of visible light with the lowest frequency |
| violet | color of visible light with the highest frequency |
| red, green and blue | the three additive primary colors of light |
| cyan, magenta, and yellow | the three subtractive primary colors of pigment |
| Aristotle | Greek philosopher who taught that pure white light contains no color |
| Heinrich Hertz | German scientist who first studied radio waves in the laboratory |
| Christian Huygens | Dutch scientist who first proposed the wave theory of light |
| James Clerk Maxwell | Scottish scientist who discovered that light consists of electromagnetic waves |
| Isaac Newton | English scientist who discovered that white light is a combination of various other colors and frequencies of light; proposed the particle theory of light in his book Optiks |
| lens | a piece of glass or other substance specifically designed to refract light |
| convex | a lens that is thicker in the middle than at the edges, causing light rays to be concentrated and objects to appear magnified |
| concave | a lens that is thinner in the middle than at the edges, causing light rays to be spread out and objects to appear smaller |
| reflection | the bouncing of light rays off a surface so that they continue in a different direction |
| refraction | the bending of light rays when they cross a boundary between two mediums |
| mirage | an example is an illusion of “water” covering a hot highway in the distance in the summer |
| rainbow | a visible spectrum produced in the sky by falling raindrops |
| diffraction | the spreading out of light waves as a result of passing through a narrow gap |
| interference | the mutual reinforcement or cancellation of two light waves |
| iridescence | an array of many colors caused by the interference of light waves, often seen on the surface of soap bubbles and thin films of oil |
| polarized | a beam of light containing wave that all vibrate in the same direction |
| electromagnetic spectrum | an arrangement of all forms of electromagnetic radiation in order of frequency and wavelength |
| radio waves | low-frequency waves widely used for communication |
| microwaves | waves commonly used for radar, satellite communications, and heating food items |
| radar | a device that uses reflected electromagnetic waves to measure the distanced and direction of faraway objects |
| infrared waves | electromagnetic waves sometimes referred to as “heat waves” |
| ultraviolet rays | electromagnetic waves responsible for tanning and sunburn |
| UVA | least dangerous; most “black lights” or UV lamps emit UVA radiation |
| UVB | the type of ultraviolet radiation that causes suntans and sunburn |
| UBC | most powerful and dangerous form of ultraviolet radiation, fortunately it is completely blocked by the “ozone layer” |
| gamma rays | the most powerful and penetrating form of electromagnetic radiation |
| photons | light is described as consisting of tiny bundles or “packets” of energy. These travel as electromagnetic waves |
| stimulated emission | the process that occurs when an excited atom is struck by one photon and emits two photons |
| laser | light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation |
| monochromatic | light that consists of only one frequency |
| coherent | light in which all the waves are “in step” |
| properties of a laser light | coherent, intense, monochromatic |
| hologram | a three-dimensional image produced by laser light |
| nanometer | one billionth of a meter |
| fiber optics | the technique of transmitting light through narrow glasslike “wires”, used for communications |
| Theodore H. Maiman | American scientist who constructed the first laser |
| Max Planck | German scientist who showed that the energy of an electromagnetic wave is directly related to the wave’s frequency |
| Wilhelm Roentgen | German scientist who discovered X-rays |
| Know these facts about the speed of light in a vacuum | approximately 300,000 kilometers per second, the speed of light is always constant, it is the fastest possible speed in the universe |
| “c” | the speed of light in a vacuum |
| theory of relativity | states that all motion is relative to some reference point and that the speed of light is constant in relation to an observer |
| Albert Einstein | Jewish scientist who predicted stimulated emission and formulated the theory of relativity |
| time dilation | the apparent slowing down of time (from the perspective of an outside observer) for an object traveling at near-light speed |
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kbtarheelgirl
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