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PS OGT PRACTICE

CHEMISTRY

QuestionAnswer
ATOMS protons positively charged; all atoms have protons; have atomic mass; located in the nucleus of the atom.
ATOMS neutrons neutral in charge; the same mass as the proton; also located in the nucleus of the atom.
ATOMS electrons negative charge, found in the “electron cloud” (outside of the nucleus) negatively charged; attracted to positive charge; move around the nucleus at high speeds in different energy levels; same number as protons.
PERIODIC TABLE atomic mass (sometimes called mass number) is equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons.
PERIODIC TABLE group number (found at the top of each column) is equal to the number of valence electrons. This is used when drawing electron dot structures.
PERIODIC TABLE atomic number equal to the number of protons.
NUMBER OF PROTONS is equal to the number of electrons in a neutral atom.
INERT ELEMENTS (ALSO CALLED NOBLE GASES) have complete outer energy level of electrons
ELECTRONS only atomic particles involved in ordinary chemical reaction
CHEMICAL REACTION produces a new compound with different chemical properties..behaves in a different way
Atom smallest unit of matter unique to a particular element.
Atomic Symbol scientists use a symbol of one or two letters to identify elements. First (or only) letter capital, 2nd lower case
Atomic Energy levels electrons can only exist in particular energy levels around the nucleus. An atom is most stable when it fills its Outermost Energy Level; helium has complete OEL with 2; all other elements require 8.
Ionic Bonds when a transfer of electrons occurs between two or more atoms, negatively charged ions are attracted to positively charged ions.
Covalent Bonds some atoms (nonmetals) complete their outer levels by sharing electrons. The same pair of electrons move around the nuclei of both atoms in covalent bonding.
Balancing Equations there should be the same number of atoms on each side of the equation. Multiply the atoms in each molecule by the number of molecules to see that they balance: 2H2 + 02-> 2 H2O
Conservation of Mass matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.
Pure substance any element or compound; a substance is the same throughout and has a fixed chemical composition.
Mixture two or more substances mixed together without being chemically combined. The substances can be separated without a chemical reaction.
Created by: Ruth.Miller
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