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Unit 2 chest 308
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Divisions of chest anatomy | 1Bony thoracic, 2Respiratory system, 3Mediastinum |
| Sternum contains | 1Manibrium, 2Body, 3Xiphoid, 4Clavicle, 5Scapulae |
| How many pair of ribs are there | 12 |
| How many thoracic vertebrae is there? | 12 |
| Where is the prominens | C7 |
| Four structures of mediastinum | T-trachea, E-esophagus, T-thymus, Heart and great vessels |
| How many types of body habiti are there? | 4 |
| Name the four body habitus | Hypersthetic, Asthenic, Hypostenic, Stenic |
| What is the near average patient | Hypostenic |
| What is considered to be the average patient | Stenic |
| What is the percentage of patients that are hypersthenic | 5% |
| What is the percentage of patients that are asthenic | 10% |
| What is the percentage of patients that are hypostenic | 35% |
| What is the percentage of patients that are stenic | 50% |
| Inspiration vs expiration List 3 dimensions: | Vertical, transverse, AP diameter |
| The Minimum of ribs must be shown in a good chest x-ray | 10 |
| Reasons for erect chest | -Allows diaphragm to move farther down -demonstrates air-filled levels -prevents engorgement of pulmonary vessels |
| Evaluation criteria prt.1 | -optimal radiograph -definable standard -established standard as stated for each projection |
| Rotation on lateral chest is evident by? | Lack of superimposition of posterior ribs |
| Topographic land marks for PA chest | CR: 3-4 in. Below jugular notch |
| Evaluation criteria prt.2 7 parts | -entire lungs included -no rotation -scapulae removed from lungs -full inspiration -equal collocation top and bottom -no motion -exposure factors -and don't forget lead apron |
| PA/AP CHEST | Mas:3... Kv:110 |
| Lateral position | Mas:6...Kv:125 |
| AP with grid | Mas:1.7...Kv:110 |
| Lateral decubitus AP | Mas:3....Kv:125 |
| AP lordotic | Mas:3.5...Kv:125 |
| RAO & LAO | Mas:4..Kv:125 |
| RPO & LPO | Mas:3...Kv:125 |
| Lateral position:upper airway | Mas: 3...Kv:80 |
| AP projection upper airway | Mas:10...Kv:80 |
| Apiration | Foreign objects evident on lower airways of frontal an lateral chest..radiographically: radiodense or radiopaque outline |
| Atelectasis | Condition rather than disease where a lung collapse may be evident by a more....radiographically: radiodense area, trachea and heart to shift to the affected side |
| Bronchiectasis | Irreversible dilation of bronchioles thay cause there to be mucus and pus..radiographically:radiodense lower lung |
| Bronchitis | Condition in which excessive mucus is secreted into bronchi..it is presented in radiographs: by hyperinflation and more dominant lung markings |
| Respiratory disease syndrome (RDS).monly called healing membrane disease in infants...adult respiratory distress syndrome | .it is an emergent condition in which the alveoli and capillaries of the lung are injured..on Radiograph: it will show granular pattern and normal air spaces filled with fluid..sign is "air bronchiogram" |
| Empyema | Occurs when the fluid is pushing and it may develop when pneumonia or a lung access spreads into the pleural space..fluid is pus |
| Hemothorax | Occurs when fluid is blood that causes pleural effusion..shows up by fluid levels on horizontal beam and best shown by laying on affected side lateral decubitus |
| Pleurisy | Inflammation in lungs causing rubbing sounds. May be demonstrate by radiographic associated pleural effusion.condition called "dry pleurisy" and does not include fluid accumulation and generally I not visible on radiographs |
| Pneumonia | Accumulation of fluid within certain sections of lung and creating increased radiodensities in these areas. Initial diagnostic examination PA chest and lat...patchy infiltrate with increased radiodensity |
| Aspiration pneumonia | Aspiration of foreign object or food into lungs, irritates bronchi, resulting in edema...patchy infiltrate with increased radiodensity |
| Bronchopneumonia | Is bronchitis of both lungs that most commonly is caused by strep bacteria...patchy infiltrate with increased radiodensity |
| Lobar pneumonia | Generally is confined to one or two lobes of lung....patchy infiltrate with increased radiodensity |
| Viral (interstitial) pneumonia | Causes inflammation of the alveoli and connecting lung structure. Evident in increased radiodensities in region surrounding hila, patchy infiltrate |
| Pneumothorax | Is an accumulation of air in pleural space that causes partial or complete collapse of lung. Radiographically-lung may be seen displaced away from chest wall & no lung markings |
| Pulmonary edema | Condition of excess fluid withing lung and most frequent case is from Pulmonary circulation has been backed up which I associated with CHF. Radiographs: diffuse increase in radiodensity in the hilar regions, air-filled levels |
| COPD | Persistent obstruction of airways that usually causes difficulty emptying the lungs of air.mild cases not detectable on on chest radiographs, but more extreme cases are clearly demonstrated.....depends on underlying cause |
| Cystic fibrosis | Secretions of heavy mucus cause progressive "clogging" of bronchi and bronchioles. Radiographically: increased radiodensities in specific lung regions |
| Dyspnea | SOB which creates a sensation of difficulty breathing and common in older adults. PA and lateral chest radiographs are taken as initial procedure followed by other exam. Radiographically: depends on cause of dsynea |
| Emphysema | Irreversible chronic lung disease. Alveoli become greatly enlarged and causes from smoke/dust. Radiographically: increased lung dimensions, barrel chest with depressed and flattened diaphragm, radiolucent lungs |
| Epiglottitis | Life threatening condition that develops rapidly. Radiographically: narrowing of upper airway at epilottic |
| Lung neoplasia | New growth or tumor. May be cancerous or noncancerous |
| Benign | Pulmonary mass found in peripheral regions of lung. Radiographically: readiodensities with sharp outlines, mass may be calcified the |
| Malignant | Lung cancer. Radiographically: slight shadows in early stages and as more sharply defined, larger radiopaque masses in more advanced cases |
| Pleural effusion | Condition abnormal accumulation of fluid in pleural cavity. Radiographically:increased readiodensity, air fluid levels, possible mediastinal shift |
Created by:
knschmidt
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